Chapter 10,11,12 Medical surgical nursing Dewitt ED2 | Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

The nurse points out that as a result of the aging process one change in the immune system is: - B. reduced ciliary action 1The nurse differentiates the humoral response from the cell mediated response in that the cellmediated response : - A. the sensitized lymphocytes attack the cells for which they are sensitized The nurse clarifies that the lymphocyte that actually produce either sensitized lymphocytes or antibodies are ? - A. b lymphocytes The nurse explains to a patient with a painful toe that the pain is related to an inflammatory response , which causes discomfort by - A. swelling which compresses nerves The life cycle of HIV - Not using a latexEntry - virus binds to envelope protein to CD4 molecule causing virus to fuse ad HIV 1 proteins into the target cell cytoplasm Reverse transcription- RNA is transcribed into double stranded DNA through the encoded protein. this phase is very error prone and can lead to mutations. Integration- The new DNA inserts into the host gene Viral mRNA and protein expression- viral protein production and T cells are modified by HIV 1 - virus assembly and budding- Virus then attaches to host plasma and new Virions are produced Additional modes of transmission of HIV (exposure) - 1. percutaneous exposure through and open bore needle stick with an HIV contaminated needle 2. not using a latex condom or dental dam during sexual intercourse or activity3. Maternal transmission, referred to as vertical transmission to an infant through vaginal delivery or breast milk 4. receiving transfusion of HIV infected blood or blood products 5. receiving an organ transplant from an HIV infected person the nurse speaking with a student about immunocompetence correctly defines it as occurring when ? - D. physiologic responses protect the body from invasion from microorganisms or toxins