NUR 403 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Already Passed

What is research? - A systematic inquiry that uses rigorous methods to answer questions or solve problems. What are the goals of research? - Develop, refine, and expand knowledge. Nursing research - Designed to develop evidence about issues important to various stakeholders. Clinical nursing research - Designed to inform nursing practice so it can contribute to the well-being and quality of life of individuals who are facing various challenges or health threats. How does clinical nursing research begin? - With questions stemming from practice related issues such as those you may encounter in your practice. Basic Research - Seeks to extend the knowledge base and a discipline. Questions are driven by researchers curiosity or interest in a theoretical question, motivated to expand nursing knowledge. Applied Research - Focuses on finding solutions to issues in nursing practice-study on the effectiveness of a nursing intervention. Designed to solve clinical problem, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge's sake. Sources of evidence for nursing practice: - *T*radition *A*uthority *C*linical experience *T*rial and error *D*isciplined research *I*ntuition *A*ssembled information *L*ogical reasoning What is a paradigm? - A way of looking at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of philosophical assumptions and that guides one's approach to inquiry. The research paradigms-- what are they? - (Post) Positivist Naturalistic/ constructivist Naturalist/constructivist paradigm - Reality is not fixed and is contextual (Post) Positivist paradigm - There is a reality to be studied Which of the paradigms is interpretive? - Naturalistic Both paradigms rely on human cooperation. - The need for human operation is essential. Researchers must encourage candidness and participation. Both paradigms utilize empirical evidence. - Both gather and analyze evidence through their senses. Neither researchers are armchair analysts relying on their own beliefs to generate knowledge. Both paradigms share an ultimate goal of gaining an understanding. - They seek to capture the truth about an aspect of the world in which they are interested; both can make significant, mutually beneficial contributions to nursing. Both paradigms are limited by ethical constraints. - Research is guided by ethical principles that may compete with aims of inquiry. Both paradigms are subject to fallibility. - Virtually all studies have limitations. Every question can be addressed in many different ways, thus there are trade-offs. No single study can ever definitively answer a research question. Each study adds to a body of accumulating evidence. Quantitative research aligns with what paradigm? - Positivist Qualitative research aligns with what paradigm? - Naturalistic Quantitative Research - Collection and analysis of numeric information Scientific method which is controlled and systematic Empirical evidence Objective approach Qualitative Research - Understanding of the human experience Collection and analysis of subjective matter Uses flexible procedures in the field Holistic approach. Analyzes words, observations or other media to describe or interpret their meanings in order to answer the research question. Paradigm plurality - Different perspectives complement knowledge developed from another. Pragmatic Approach - Stimulates inquiry that complements one paradigm with another. Tenants of pragmatism - Commitment to what works in practice, appreciation of plurality, and desire for integrated results A pragmatic approach calls for theory to be designed and tested in practice Pluralist approach - Greater utility for nursing, research from various paradigms can contribute to the development of knowledge needed for nursing practice. ex. mixed method approach