AHA BLS Exam Correct 100%

Myocardial Infarction - Answer Heart attack, occurs when a blood clot blocks flow of oxygenated blood to heart muscle Symptoms of MI - Answer - severe pain or discomfort in center of chest - may last more than a few minutes - spread to one or both arms, neck, back, jaw, stomach - shortness of breath - cold sweats - nausea - vomiting - lightheadedness Stroke - Answer second leading cause of death in the world, leading cause of disability in the U.S. How to spot a stroke - Answer FAST F: face drooping A: arm weakness S: speech difficulty T: time to call 911 Symptoms of stroke - Answer - Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg - sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding - sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes - sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination - sudden, severe headache with no known cause Mechanical Thrombectomy - Answer surgical removal of clot that is only used for large clots; not commonly used due to location of most clots done within 6 hours of acute stroke symptoms after receiving tPA Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) - Answer clot-busting drug a thrombolytic administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke to dissolve damaging blood clots Risk factors that can't be changed - Answer heredity, gender, race, age Risk factors that can be changed - Answer cigarette smoking, high BP, high cholesterol, obesity, lack of exercise Risk factors strongly correlated with MI and stroke - Answer untreated diabetes, TIA Sudden cardiac arrest - Answer Occurs when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and can't pump blood Opioid overdose - Answer Naloxone Defibrillation - Answer the use of electrical shock via AED or defibrillator to restore the heart's normal rhythm Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) - Answer aka ventricular tachycardia (VT) abnormal chaotic heart rhythms that prevent the heart from pumping blood AED - Answer Automated External Defibrillator - analyze heart rhythm of a person in cardiac arrest, recognize shockable rhythm (VT and VF) and advise the operator whether the rhythm should be shocked - Attach and use AED as soon as it's available for anyone who is unresponsive, has no definite pulse, and is not breathing normally Who should use AED pads and system - Answer anyone over 8 years old AED for children 1-8 y.o - Answer pediatric dose-attenuator system or pediatric pads for attempted defibrillation (if system unavailable, use standard adult pads making sure they don't touch) AED for infants <1 y.o - Answer manual defibrillator preferred, if unavailable, an AED with a pediatric dose attenuator or pediatric pads if neither available, use an AED with standard adult pads placed on infant's chest and back AED special situations - water - Answer DO NOT USE AED IN WATER!! Wipe chest before attaching pads. If victim is lying on snow or in a small puddle, you may use the AED AED special situations - transdermal medications - Answer placing an AED electrode pad on top of a medication patch may block delivery of shocks or cause small burns to the skin. if it won't delay shock delivery, with gloves on, remove patch, wipe area clean, attach pads AED special situations - implanted pacemakers or defibrillators - Answer avoid placing an AED pad directly over an implanted medical device AED special situations - hairy chest - Answer use razor from AED case to shave the area where you will place the pads. if razor is unavailable, use the first set of pads to remove the hair and apply the second set of pads