RCIS EXAM – QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
Creatinine - ✔️ >1.5 mg/dL
Kidney function
A chemical waste molecule from muscle metabolism. Produced from creatine
the energy in muscles and filtered by kidneys. High levels warn kidney failure
BUN - ✔️ 7-22 mg/dL
Blood, Urea, Nitrates
Kidney function
>30 = CHF, shock
< 3 = Liver failure
Platelet Count - ✔️ 150,00-450,000 /mcL (micro liters)
Hep B - ✔️ Most contagious than HC, HA, HIV
OSHA - ✔️ Occupational Safety and Health Admin - government
department of labor created to assure safe and healthful working conditions
for healthcare workers, such as regulations on blood borne pathogens
Lactic acid in large amts found in coronary sinus - ✔️ Indicates
coronary ischemia
CK-MB - ✔️ 3-6 hr peak
Creating Kinase-MB
Cardiac enzyme marker for MI
Myoglobin 1 - ✔️ 1-4 hr onset
Earliest to show
Troponin I - ✔️ 3-12 hr onset of chest pain
24-48 hr peaks
Baseline returned 5-14 days
LDH - ✔️ 3 days, slowest
Leukocytosis -increased number WBC
,Ca++ - ✔️ Calcium (electrolytes)
.8-1.0 mg/L
Hypercalcemia causes Abnormal T wave, extremely wide QRS
Hypocalcemia causes narrow QRS, no T wave, prominent U
Mg++ - ✔️ Magnesium (electrolytes)
1.5-2.5'mEq/L
Heart and nervous system
Hypermag causes weakness, low BP, dyspnea, cardiac arrest
Hypomag causes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, muscle spasms,
seizures.
Cl- - ✔️ Chloride (electrolyte)
95-105 mEq/L
Hyperchloremia indicates dehydration, Cushing syndrome, kidney disease,
CHF, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis - ✔️ Happens when tissues are too basic or
alkaline
Respiratory acidosis - ✔️ Happens when lungs can't remove enough
CO2 carbon dioxide from body
AO valve area - ✔️ CO (L/min) / square root (peak - peak gradient
mmHg)
CO / sq root (LV SYS / AO SYS
Peak - Peak gradient = LV sys / AO systole
Peak - Peak Gradient - ✔️ LV systole - AO systole
AO Flow - ✔️ CO/(SEP x HR)
Na+ - ✔️ Sodium
135-145
Helps keep fluids in normal balance, key roll in normal nerves and muscle
function
, Hyponatremia causes confusion, sluggish, could be heart failure, kidney
failure, use of diuretics
Hypernatremia involves dehydration, thirsty, confused, muscle twitches
HGB - ✔️ 12-15 g/dL women
14-18 g/dL men
Hemoglobin protein in rbc carries oxygen to body
Low =anemia
High uncommon
K+ Potassium - ✔️ 3.5-5.5 millimoles per liter mmol/L
K+ chemical electrolyte critical for function of nerve and muscle cells,
particularly the heart's electrical activity
Hypokalemia <3.5
Causes hyperexcitability, SVT, AFib, A flut, A Tach, Trosades
T wave flattened or inversed
U wave prominent, P wave increased amplitude
Causes Trorsades de Pointes
Hyperkalemia > 5.5
Causes bradycardia, cardiac arrest, asystole, V Fib, PEA
Reduces myocardial excitibility
Supressed impulse of SA node
Reduced conduction of AV node and His-Purkinje
Peaked T waves
No P wave or flattened and widened
Bizzare and prolonged QRS
HCT - ✔️ 40% (vol%) women
45% (vol%) men
Hematocrit = Volume percentage of RBC in blood
Used to identify anemia (low) and
polycythemia (high)
erythrocyes or RBC
Erythrocytes - ✔️ RBC
ACT - ✔️ Activated Clotting Time
Creatinine - ✔️ >1.5 mg/dL
Kidney function
A chemical waste molecule from muscle metabolism. Produced from creatine
the energy in muscles and filtered by kidneys. High levels warn kidney failure
BUN - ✔️ 7-22 mg/dL
Blood, Urea, Nitrates
Kidney function
>30 = CHF, shock
< 3 = Liver failure
Platelet Count - ✔️ 150,00-450,000 /mcL (micro liters)
Hep B - ✔️ Most contagious than HC, HA, HIV
OSHA - ✔️ Occupational Safety and Health Admin - government
department of labor created to assure safe and healthful working conditions
for healthcare workers, such as regulations on blood borne pathogens
Lactic acid in large amts found in coronary sinus - ✔️ Indicates
coronary ischemia
CK-MB - ✔️ 3-6 hr peak
Creating Kinase-MB
Cardiac enzyme marker for MI
Myoglobin 1 - ✔️ 1-4 hr onset
Earliest to show
Troponin I - ✔️ 3-12 hr onset of chest pain
24-48 hr peaks
Baseline returned 5-14 days
LDH - ✔️ 3 days, slowest
Leukocytosis -increased number WBC
,Ca++ - ✔️ Calcium (electrolytes)
.8-1.0 mg/L
Hypercalcemia causes Abnormal T wave, extremely wide QRS
Hypocalcemia causes narrow QRS, no T wave, prominent U
Mg++ - ✔️ Magnesium (electrolytes)
1.5-2.5'mEq/L
Heart and nervous system
Hypermag causes weakness, low BP, dyspnea, cardiac arrest
Hypomag causes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, muscle spasms,
seizures.
Cl- - ✔️ Chloride (electrolyte)
95-105 mEq/L
Hyperchloremia indicates dehydration, Cushing syndrome, kidney disease,
CHF, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis - ✔️ Happens when tissues are too basic or
alkaline
Respiratory acidosis - ✔️ Happens when lungs can't remove enough
CO2 carbon dioxide from body
AO valve area - ✔️ CO (L/min) / square root (peak - peak gradient
mmHg)
CO / sq root (LV SYS / AO SYS
Peak - Peak gradient = LV sys / AO systole
Peak - Peak Gradient - ✔️ LV systole - AO systole
AO Flow - ✔️ CO/(SEP x HR)
Na+ - ✔️ Sodium
135-145
Helps keep fluids in normal balance, key roll in normal nerves and muscle
function
, Hyponatremia causes confusion, sluggish, could be heart failure, kidney
failure, use of diuretics
Hypernatremia involves dehydration, thirsty, confused, muscle twitches
HGB - ✔️ 12-15 g/dL women
14-18 g/dL men
Hemoglobin protein in rbc carries oxygen to body
Low =anemia
High uncommon
K+ Potassium - ✔️ 3.5-5.5 millimoles per liter mmol/L
K+ chemical electrolyte critical for function of nerve and muscle cells,
particularly the heart's electrical activity
Hypokalemia <3.5
Causes hyperexcitability, SVT, AFib, A flut, A Tach, Trosades
T wave flattened or inversed
U wave prominent, P wave increased amplitude
Causes Trorsades de Pointes
Hyperkalemia > 5.5
Causes bradycardia, cardiac arrest, asystole, V Fib, PEA
Reduces myocardial excitibility
Supressed impulse of SA node
Reduced conduction of AV node and His-Purkinje
Peaked T waves
No P wave or flattened and widened
Bizzare and prolonged QRS
HCT - ✔️ 40% (vol%) women
45% (vol%) men
Hematocrit = Volume percentage of RBC in blood
Used to identify anemia (low) and
polycythemia (high)
erythrocyes or RBC
Erythrocytes - ✔️ RBC
ACT - ✔️ Activated Clotting Time
