Testbank for College Physics from OpenStax College

CONTENTS

Contents
.........................................................................................................................................
2


Preface
..........................................................................................................................................
12


Chapter
1:
Introduction:
The
Nature
of
Science
and
Physics
.......................................................
13


1.2
Physical
Quantities
and
Units
.............................................................................................
13


1.3
Accuracy,
Precision,
and
Significant
Figures
.......................................................................
14


Chapter
2:
Kinematics
..................................................................................................................
16


2.1
Displacement
......................................................................................................................
16


2.3
Time,
Velocity,
and
Speed
...................................................................................................
16


2.5
Motion
Equations
for
Constant
Acceleration
in
One
Dimension
........................................
18


2.7
Falling
Objects
.....................................................................................................................
21


2.8
Graphical
Analysis
of
One-­‐Dimensional
Motion
.................................................................
23


Chapter
3:
Two-­‐Dimensional
Kinematics
.....................................................................................
25


3.2
Vector
Addition
and
Subtraction:
Graphical
Methods
........................................................
25


3.3
Vector
Addition
and
Subtraction:
Analytical
Methods
.......................................................
27


3.4
Projectile
Motion
................................................................................................................
29


3.5
Addition
of
Velocities
..........................................................................................................
32


Chapter
4:
Dynamics:
Force
and
Newton’s
Laws
of
Motion
.........................................................
36


4.3
Newton’s
Second
Law
of
Motion:
Concept
of
a
System
.....................................................
36


4.6
Problem-­‐Solving
Strategies
.................................................................................................
37


4.7
Further
Applications
of
Newton’s
Laws
of
Motion
.............................................................
41


Chapter
5:
Further
Application
of
Newton’s
Laws:
Friction,
Drag,
and
Elasticity
.........................
45


2





, 5.1
Friction
................................................................................................................................
45


5.3
Elasticity:
Stress
and
Strain
.................................................................................................
46


Chapter
6:
Uniform
Circular
Motion
and
Gravitation
...................................................................
49


6.1
Rotation
Angle
and
Angular
Velocity
..................................................................................
49


6.2
Centripetal
Acceleration
.....................................................................................................
50


6.3
Centripetal
Force
................................................................................................................
50


6.5
Newton’s
Universal
Law
of
Gravitation
..............................................................................
51


6.6
Satellites
and
Kepler’s
Laws:
An
Argument
for
Simplicity
...................................................
52


Chapter
7:
Work,
Energy,
and
Energy
Resources
.........................................................................
54


7.1
Work:
The
Scientific
Definition
...........................................................................................
54


7.2
Kinetic
Energy
and
the
Work-­‐Energy
Theorem
...................................................................
55


7.3
Gravitational
Potential
Energy
............................................................................................
55


7.7
Power
..................................................................................................................................
56


7.8
Work,
Energy,
and
Power
in
Humans
.................................................................................
57


Chapter
8:
Linear
Momentum
and
Collisions
...............................................................................
61


8.1
Linear
Momentum
and
Force
.............................................................................................
61


8.2
Impulse
...............................................................................................................................
61


8.3
Conservation
of
Momentum
...............................................................................................
62


8.5
Inelastic
Collisions
in
One
Dimension
.................................................................................
63


8.6
Collisions
of
Point
Masses
in
Two
Dimensions
...................................................................
66


8.7
Introduction
to
Rocket
Propulsion
......................................................................................
68


Chapter
9:
Statics
and
Torque
......................................................................................................
70


9.2
The
Second
Condition
for
Equilibrium
................................................................................
70


9.3
Stability
...............................................................................................................................
70


3





, 9.6
Forces
and
Torques
in
Muscles
and
Joints
..........................................................................
73


Chapter
10:
Rotational
Motion
and
Angular
Momentum
............................................................
74


10.1
Angular
Acceleration
.........................................................................................................
74


10.3
Dynamics
of
Rotational
Motion:
Rotational
Inertia
..........................................................
75


10.4
Rotational
Kinetic
Energy:
Work
and
Energy
Revisited
.....................................................
77


10.5
Angular
Momentum
and
Its
Conservation
........................................................................
79


10.6
Collisions
of
Extended
Bodies
in
Two
Dimensions
............................................................
79


Chapter
11:
Fluid
Statics
...............................................................................................................
81


11.2
Density
..............................................................................................................................
81


11.3
Pressure
............................................................................................................................
81


11.4
Variation
of
Pressure
with
Depth
in
a
Fluid
......................................................................
82


11.5
Pascal’s
Principle
...............................................................................................................
83


11.7
Archimedes’
Principle
.......................................................................................................
85


11.8
Cohesion
and
Adhesion
in
Liquids:
Surface
Tension
and
Capillary
Action
........................
87


11.9
Pressures
in
the
Body
.......................................................................................................
88


Chapter
12:
Fluid
Dynamics
and
Its
Biological
and
Medical
Applications
....................................
91


12.1
Flow
Rate
and
Its
Relation
to
Velocity
..............................................................................
91


12.2
Bernoulli’s
Equation
..........................................................................................................
92


12.3
The
Most
General
Applications
of
Bernoulli’s
Equation
...................................................
93


12.4
Viscosity
and
Laminar
Flow;
Poiseuille’s
Law
....................................................................
93


12.5
The
Onset
of
Turbulence
..................................................................................................
95


12.7
Molecular
Transport
Phenomena:
Diffusion,
Osmosis,
and
Related
Processes
...............
96


Chapter
13:
Temperature,
Kinetic
Theory,
and
the
Gas
Laws
......................................................
98


13.1
Temperature
.....................................................................................................................
98


4





, 13.2
Thermal
Expansion
of
Solids
and
Liquids
..........................................................................
99


13.3
The
Ideal
Gas
Law
.............................................................................................................
99


13.4
Kinetic
Theory:
Atomic
and
Molecular
Explanation
of
Pressure
and
Temperature
........
102


13.6
Humidity,
Evaporation,
and
Boiling
................................................................................
102


Chapter
14:
Heat
and
Heat
Transfer
Methods
...........................................................................
105


14.2
Temperature
Change
and
Heat
Capacity
........................................................................
105


14.3
Phase
Change
and
Latent
Heat
.......................................................................................
106


14.5
Conduction
......................................................................................................................
108


14.6
Convection
......................................................................................................................
109


14.7
Radiation
.........................................................................................................................
110


Chapter
15:
Thermodynamics
....................................................................................................
113


15.1
The
First
Law
of
Thermodynamics
..................................................................................
113


15.2
The
First
Law
of
Thermodynamics
and
Some
Simple
Processes
.....................................
114


15.3
Introduction
to
the
Second
Law
of
Thermodynamics:
Heat
Engines
and
Their
Efficiency

................................................................................................................................................
115


15.5
Applications
of
Thermodynamics:
Heat
Pumps
and
Refrigerators
.................................
115


15.6
Entropy
and
the
Second
Law
of
Thermodynamics:
Disorder
and
the
Unavailability
of

Energy
.....................................................................................................................................
116


15.7
Statistical
Interpretation
of
Entropy
and
the
Second
Law
of
Thermodynamics:
The

Underlying
Explanation
...........................................................................................................
117


Chapter
16:
Oscillatory
Motion
and
Waves
................................................................................
119


16.1
Hooke’s
Law:
Stress
and
Strain
Revisited
........................................................................
119


16.2
Period
and
Frequency
in
Oscillations
..............................................................................
120


16.3
Simple
Harmonic
Motion:
A
Special
Periodic
Motion
.....................................................
120


16.4
The
Simple
Pendulum
.....................................................................................................
120


5