3. t. | (GNETIC (ODE
polypeptides
Gene secion ot DNA that conta1ny the coded informoton for maknd DNA
olong
ond funct1onal RNA, n the form ot a speitie sequene ot bases
have ts cn code
Only 20 ditferen amino auds reqularly occr, each of whicn must
3 bases produce a (4) dferent codea, enouh tor 20 aine acid,
Genetic code feotues
coch
A tew am1no acids are codcd for by a single tr:plet, the rest hve 2-6
Degenerate code as multiple triplet pe aming acd
Iriplet always read n aspeufie diredron and doesn't oves lap
One trplet is 'start' and cdes for nethcnine
wthe mnethianonne aming oud can later be removed
Three triplets code tor 'stop
EXons - cod1ng sequene of bases
latrans - non-codng sequene of bases
DNA AND GROMOsOMES
Prokaryotic cells- DNA molecules are short, urular and do not asociate with proteins
cells - DNA molecules are linear cnd associate with histones (prateins)
Eukargete long
- forms structues Laled chramosomes
Mitochondria and iloroplast have DNA ke bactena's
DNA combines with bistones,toran4
u DNA -histone co,mplex,whicn thea
cos. The coils told to fom loops.
The loops col and puck bogether
to tormn the crcmoscme
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell in the body, and qametes
(sperm oand eqy cels) have 23. A homolaqous pair, is two chromosones
that corry the same qenes, but not necessarly the same allele at gener.
An alele is one of a numhe afalterna tive forms. of a qene.
Any changes to the base sequene of a gene praduces a new allele of that gee
(mutoton): dofferent amino acid se4uence so different polypept1de.
, 3.4-1
RBONDULI AD
Codon - sequence of three bases on mRNA that code for an amino acid
Genc me -complete set t qenes in a cell including in mitochondralhoroplast)
Proteame full ronge of proteins proteced by the genome
RNA is made tromo single nucleotide chain.
It contong pentose sugar labose), organe base (A, o, Cor U) phosphate
Messenger RNA
base sequene ot mRNA determ1ned by base seq uence of DANA
passes informat1On in the form of codons. aminÓ acid
attathes
Transter RNA'
Only made up of aound 80 ncucleotides AH
Single stranded folded nto dove leat shape
Eacn tupe of teNA binds to a specifie
amino acid and has an antcodon thats
sptufie to that amino acid anticodon
of 3 bases
ComplA ement
G with c
with
oy base
paringin RNA
U(in RNA) or t linA)
polypeptides
Gene secion ot DNA that conta1ny the coded informoton for maknd DNA
olong
ond funct1onal RNA, n the form ot a speitie sequene ot bases
have ts cn code
Only 20 ditferen amino auds reqularly occr, each of whicn must
3 bases produce a (4) dferent codea, enouh tor 20 aine acid,
Genetic code feotues
coch
A tew am1no acids are codcd for by a single tr:plet, the rest hve 2-6
Degenerate code as multiple triplet pe aming acd
Iriplet always read n aspeufie diredron and doesn't oves lap
One trplet is 'start' and cdes for nethcnine
wthe mnethianonne aming oud can later be removed
Three triplets code tor 'stop
EXons - cod1ng sequene of bases
latrans - non-codng sequene of bases
DNA AND GROMOsOMES
Prokaryotic cells- DNA molecules are short, urular and do not asociate with proteins
cells - DNA molecules are linear cnd associate with histones (prateins)
Eukargete long
- forms structues Laled chramosomes
Mitochondria and iloroplast have DNA ke bactena's
DNA combines with bistones,toran4
u DNA -histone co,mplex,whicn thea
cos. The coils told to fom loops.
The loops col and puck bogether
to tormn the crcmoscme
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell in the body, and qametes
(sperm oand eqy cels) have 23. A homolaqous pair, is two chromosones
that corry the same qenes, but not necessarly the same allele at gener.
An alele is one of a numhe afalterna tive forms. of a qene.
Any changes to the base sequene of a gene praduces a new allele of that gee
(mutoton): dofferent amino acid se4uence so different polypept1de.
, 3.4-1
RBONDULI AD
Codon - sequence of three bases on mRNA that code for an amino acid
Genc me -complete set t qenes in a cell including in mitochondralhoroplast)
Proteame full ronge of proteins proteced by the genome
RNA is made tromo single nucleotide chain.
It contong pentose sugar labose), organe base (A, o, Cor U) phosphate
Messenger RNA
base sequene ot mRNA determ1ned by base seq uence of DANA
passes informat1On in the form of codons. aminÓ acid
attathes
Transter RNA'
Only made up of aound 80 ncucleotides AH
Single stranded folded nto dove leat shape
Eacn tupe of teNA binds to a specifie
amino acid and has an antcodon thats
sptufie to that amino acid anticodon
of 3 bases
ComplA ement
G with c
with
oy base
paringin RNA
U(in RNA) or t linA)
