Biology genetics exam with complete solutions

Autosomes - Answer- #1-22 are non sex chromosomes Probability - Answer- Is the prediction that a certain event will occur Dominant - Answer- The allele that is expressed when 2 different alleles are present in an organism Recessive - Answer- Isn't expressed unless dominant is there Heterozygous - Answer- Carrying different alleles (ex. Bb) Genotype - Answer- What the genes actually say, type of allele Phenotype - Answer- What is expressed in the individual (what trait you can see) Sex-linked - Answer- Are those who's genes are on the X chromosomes , gene located on X chromosome Karyotype - Answer- Image of all the chromosomes in a cell Pedigree - Answer- Diagram of one trait through out a family Haploid - Answer- Set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes) Diploid - Answer- Double set of chromosomes (46 chromosomes) 2n Polygenic - Answer- Trait that is produced by 2 or more genes, many genes for one trait Mutations - Answer- Change in the DNA sequence Down's syndrome (trisomy21) - Answer- Common birth defect giving them an extra chromosome Who determines the sex of a child - Answer- The father What letters are used for dominant and recessive characteristics - Answer- Dominant is a capital letter. Recessive is a lower case letter. How many chromosomes do Down syndrome individuals have - Answer- 47 chromosomes Define Mendel's principles of genetics - Answer- Principle of independent assortment-genes for each trait assort into gametes, Principle of dominance, and principle of segregation Sex chromosomes for female - Answer- Xx Sex chromosomes for male - Answer- Xy Homozygous - Answer- Both alleles are the same (ex. BB or bb) Circle - Answer- Represents female Square - Answer- Represents male How many alleles are inherited from each parent trait? - Answer- One from female and one from father. 2 alleles total. what is a picture of a persons chromosomes? - Answer- Karyotype What are units of inheritance? - Answer- Genes What is a diagram that follows a trait through generations is called what? - Answer- Pedigree What are Mendel's principles of genetics? - Answer- Principle of independent assortment- genes for each trait assort into the gametes, principle of dominance, principle of segregation. What can cause mutations? - Answer- X Rays, chemicals, radiation, inherited mutations, replication errors What is the science of hereditary called? - Answer- Gene