Technology
, FRAME STRUCTURES
→open structure consisting of several sections (parts) [also “HOODS”]
ROOF CAPS:
→FRAME STRUCTURES SUPPORTING THE ROOFS OF HOUSES
FORCES:
[wood / steel]
DESIGNS:
>press on a part by
PRESSING it TOGETHER
[PRESSURE = BRACKET]
>”traction” > stretch
PARTS OF A ROOF CAP:
[VOLTAGE = BINT]
push or turn under tension
ROOF BEAMS Solid parts on which the roof is attached to
the hood
MAIN STAND Support the upper part of the roof beams
(MAIN Hanging style > used on roof trusses of
STYLE) buildings with long spans to support beams
DRAW BARS 1. Often used to fasten the lower parts of
the rafters to the rafters on the other side
so that the roof does not topple over
>forces from opposite
2. It also supports the main and pendant
styles sides
WALL placed along the upper side of the walls on
>cuts a part
PLATES which tie beams rest
2© Noted Summaries 2023 [Grade 8 Technology] www.notedsummaries.co.za
, STRUCTURES OVER A DISTANCE
STRUCTURAL FAILURE:
→when structures fail, collapse or
Reinforcement of STRUCTURES: break due to poor design, weak
materials or joints
→PILLARS / COLUMNS
STRONG, SOLID, STABLE = SAFE
> VERTICAL structural components (support beams, STRUCTURE [3 x S's]
weight distributed to beams) Structures fail due to:
→BEAMS [BEAMS] Z Lack of strength/firmness
Z Wrong base size
> a strong HORIZONTAL structural member used to
Z Bending
support weight; usually over a distance [lintels = wood /
Z Overturning (no stability,
concrete > above doors & windows]
position of center of gravity)
[I-BEAMS > I-CROSS PROFILE > strength and stiffness & Z Age
use least amount of steel required per strength
External factors:
required]
Z Weather conditions
→FREE-BEARING BEAM (TILT BEAM)
Z Earthquakes
> structural component that extends like an arm from Z Rust (corrosion)
the main structure, and is supported only on one side Z Aging of material
Z High temperature (sunburn)
→RETAINING WALLS/RETAINING WALLS
PREVENTION OF FAILURE?
> architectural structure wall that is built against
another wall to strengthen it Z Good design
Z Strong & durable material
→BOW
Z Appropriate base size (stability)
> hemispherical structure that spans a distance and Z Reinforcements (triangulation)
supports a structure that rests on it Three factors that cause a structure
to tilt
→SUPPORTS
Z It's too heavy at the top
> a beam used to support or strengthen a structure
Z It has a narrow base and wide top
Z It is narrow and tall
→ANCHORS
> strong cables used to support masts or bridges
TILTING BEAMS:
→ANCHOR CABLE /ANCHOR ROPE →SIMPLE TILTING BEAMS
> a rope or cable to stabilize an object being raised or >is supported on ONE SIDE only
lowered, or to secure anything that may change [requires built-in support structure]
position
Z .
→BIND
> structural components that can withstand tension
→CABLE ANCHOR TILT BEAMS
>cables = strengthen & stabilize
3© Noted Summaries 2023 [Grade 8 Technology] www.notedsummaries.co.za
, FRAME STRUCTURES
→open structure consisting of several sections (parts) [also “HOODS”]
ROOF CAPS:
→FRAME STRUCTURES SUPPORTING THE ROOFS OF HOUSES
FORCES:
[wood / steel]
DESIGNS:
>press on a part by
PRESSING it TOGETHER
[PRESSURE = BRACKET]
>”traction” > stretch
PARTS OF A ROOF CAP:
[VOLTAGE = BINT]
push or turn under tension
ROOF BEAMS Solid parts on which the roof is attached to
the hood
MAIN STAND Support the upper part of the roof beams
(MAIN Hanging style > used on roof trusses of
STYLE) buildings with long spans to support beams
DRAW BARS 1. Often used to fasten the lower parts of
the rafters to the rafters on the other side
so that the roof does not topple over
>forces from opposite
2. It also supports the main and pendant
styles sides
WALL placed along the upper side of the walls on
>cuts a part
PLATES which tie beams rest
2© Noted Summaries 2023 [Grade 8 Technology] www.notedsummaries.co.za
, STRUCTURES OVER A DISTANCE
STRUCTURAL FAILURE:
→when structures fail, collapse or
Reinforcement of STRUCTURES: break due to poor design, weak
materials or joints
→PILLARS / COLUMNS
STRONG, SOLID, STABLE = SAFE
> VERTICAL structural components (support beams, STRUCTURE [3 x S's]
weight distributed to beams) Structures fail due to:
→BEAMS [BEAMS] Z Lack of strength/firmness
Z Wrong base size
> a strong HORIZONTAL structural member used to
Z Bending
support weight; usually over a distance [lintels = wood /
Z Overturning (no stability,
concrete > above doors & windows]
position of center of gravity)
[I-BEAMS > I-CROSS PROFILE > strength and stiffness & Z Age
use least amount of steel required per strength
External factors:
required]
Z Weather conditions
→FREE-BEARING BEAM (TILT BEAM)
Z Earthquakes
> structural component that extends like an arm from Z Rust (corrosion)
the main structure, and is supported only on one side Z Aging of material
Z High temperature (sunburn)
→RETAINING WALLS/RETAINING WALLS
PREVENTION OF FAILURE?
> architectural structure wall that is built against
another wall to strengthen it Z Good design
Z Strong & durable material
→BOW
Z Appropriate base size (stability)
> hemispherical structure that spans a distance and Z Reinforcements (triangulation)
supports a structure that rests on it Three factors that cause a structure
to tilt
→SUPPORTS
Z It's too heavy at the top
> a beam used to support or strengthen a structure
Z It has a narrow base and wide top
Z It is narrow and tall
→ANCHORS
> strong cables used to support masts or bridges
TILTING BEAMS:
→ANCHOR CABLE /ANCHOR ROPE →SIMPLE TILTING BEAMS
> a rope or cable to stabilize an object being raised or >is supported on ONE SIDE only
lowered, or to secure anything that may change [requires built-in support structure]
position
Z .
→BIND
> structural components that can withstand tension
→CABLE ANCHOR TILT BEAMS
>cables = strengthen & stabilize
3© Noted Summaries 2023 [Grade 8 Technology] www.notedsummaries.co.za
