Pharmacology: Connections to Nursing Practice 4th Edition Adams Test Bank

Pharmacology: Connections to Nursing Practice 4th Edition Adams Test Bank-The nurse is teaching a pharmacology class to a group of student nurses. Which key events does the nurse include in the history of pharmacology? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Early researchers used themselves and animals as test subjects. 2. Pharmacologists began to synthesize drugs in the laboratory in the 20th century. 3. Modern pharmacology began in the mid-1600s. 4. The first drugs included morphine, cocaine, and penicillin. 5. The Dark Ages provided much useful information that we still use today. Correct Answer: 1,2 Rationale 1: Early researchers did use themselves and animals as test subjects. Rationale 2: Pharmacologists did begin to synthesize drugs in the laboratory in the 20th century. Rationale 3: Modern pharmacology began in the 1800s, not 1600s. Rationale 4: The first drugs included morphine and cocaine, but not penicillin. Rationale 5: Little is known about pharmacology during the Dark Ages. Global Rationale: The nurse would state that early researchers did use themselves and animals as test subjects; pharmacologists did begin to synthesize drugs in the laboratory in the 20th century; and modern pharmacology began in the 1800s, not 1600s. The first drugs included morphine and cocaine, but not penicillin. Little is known about pharmacology during the Dark Ages. Question 2 Type: MCSA Although all areas of medicine, including pharmacology, have made great advances in the last century, the early roots of pharmacology still apply for the nurse and other health professionals. What were the early roots of pharmacology? 1. Applying products to relieve human suffering 2. Creating new drugs as quickly as possible 3. Finding medicinal alternatives to plants 4. Understanding how drugs take their effects Correct Answer: 1 Rationale 1: The early root of pharmacology was to relieve human suffering. Rationale 2: The early root of pharmacology was not to create new drugs quickly. Rationale 3: Early pharmacology involved using plants to relieve symptoms of suffering. Rationale 4: The early root of pharmacology was not to understand how drugs take their effects. Global Rationale: The early root of pharmacology was to relieve human suffering, not to create new drugs quickly or to understand how drugs take their effects. Early pharmacology did involve using plants to relieve symptoms of suffering. Question 3 Type: MCSA Although many substances can be considered drugs, which drug definition is the most appropriate? 1. Any substance that is found in nature or that normally occurs in the body 2. Any substance that is synthesized and tested in the laboratory setting 3. Any substance that is taken to prevent, cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition 4. Any substance that can be isolated from natural substances in nature Correct Answer: 3 Rationale 1: A drug is not a substance that is found in nature or that normally occurs in the human body. Rationale 2: A drug is not only a substance that is synthesized and tested. Rationale 3: A drug is considered to be any substance that is taken to prevent, cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition. Rationale 4: A drug is not only a substance isolated from natural substances. Global Rationale: A drug is considered to be any substance that is taken to prevent, cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition. A drug is not a substance that is found in nature or that normally occurs in the human body; it is not any substance that is synthesized and tested in the laboratory setting, nor is it only a substance isolated from natural substances. Question 4 Type: MCSA Pharmacotherapy is a critical intervention for many conditions, and a key part of nursing intervention. Which statement best describes pharmacotherapy? 1. The study of medicine and drug therapy 2. The application of natural substances to cure diseases 3. The application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of disease and human suffering 4. Understanding the difference between trade and generic medications Correct Answer: 3 Rationale 1: Pharmacotherapy is not just the study of medicine and drug therapy. Rationale 2: Pharmacotherapy is not the application of natural substances to cure diseases. Rationale 3: Pharmacotherapy is the application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases and human suffering. Rationale 4: Pharmacotherapy comprises more than understanding the difference between trade and generic drugs. Global Rationale: Pharmacotherapy is the application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases and human suffering. It is not just the study of medicine and drug therapy nor is it the application of natural substances to cure diseases. Pharmacotherapy comprises more than understanding the difference between trade and generic drugs. Question 5 Type: MCSA Which principle best describes what the nurse is expected to understand when administering medication to a client? 1. The pharmacotherapeutics for all of the medications 2. The most common side effects of the drug’s prototype 3. The trade and generic names for all of the medications 4. The cost of the drug therapy Correct Answer: 1 Rationale 1: The nurse should understand the pharmacotherapeutics for all medications that the client is receiving. Rationale 2: The nurse should understand much more about a drug than just the common side effects of the drug’s prototype. Rationale 3: The nurse should understand much more about a drug than just its trade and generic names. Rationale 4: The cost of drug therapy is not a principle of drug administration. Global Rationale: The nurse is expected to understand the pharmacotherapeutics for all medications that the client is receiving. The nurse should understand much more than the common side effects of the drug’s prototype and the trade and generic names. The cost of drug therapy is not a principle of drug administration. Question 6 Type: MCSA The Food and Drug Administration classifies drugs by category, and these categories and drugs are found in the “Orange Book.” To find out which drugs treat hypertension, the nurse would look under which classification? 1. Cardiac 2. Pharmacologic 3. Disease 4. Therapeutic Correct Answer: 4 Rationale 1: There is no cardiac classification. Rationale 2: The pharmacologic category describes how the drug works, not what condition the drug treats. However, the nurse could determine what condition the drug treats by knowing how the drug works. Rationale 3: Disease is not a category. Rationale 4: The nurse would look under the therapeutic category to find out what a drug will treat. Global Rationale: To find out which drugs treat hypertension, the nurse would look under the therapeutic category to find out what a drug will treat. The pharmacologic category describes how the drug works, not what condition the drug treats. However, the nurse could determine what condition the drug treats by knowing how the drug works. Disease is not a category and there is no cardiac classification. Question 7 Type: MCSA The nurse is creating a teaching plan for a client on the cardiac unit and is researching the medications the client is currently taking to understand how each drug produces its effects in the body. To find this information, the nurse looks up which classification for each medication? 1. Therapeutic 2. Cardiac 3. Disease 4. Pharmacologic Correct Answer: 4 Rationale 1: The therapeutic classification describes what condition is being treated by a drug, not how the drug works in the body. Rationale 2: There is no cardiac category. Rationale 3: There is no disease category. Rationale 4: The nurse researches the pharmacologic classification to discover how a drug works in the body. Global Rationale: The nurse researches the pharmacologic classification to discover how a drug works in the body. The therapeutic classification describes what condition is being treated by a drug, not how the drug works in the body. There is no cardiac or disease category. Question 8 Type: MCMA A prototype drug is a single drug in a class and can be compared with all other medications in the class. What are the benefits for the nurse to studying the prototype drug in predicting characteristics of other drugs in the same class? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Which drugs have the most favorable safety profile 2. Their therapeutic indications 3. Their actions and adverse effects 4. Their specific clinical use 5. Contraindications specific to any drug in that group Correct Answer: 2,3,4 Rationale 1: The prototype drug does not provide a safety profile of other drugs in the same class. Rationale 2: Studying the therapeutic indications of a prototype drug may allow the nurse to predict actions and adverse effects of other drugs in the same group. Rationale 3: By studying the prototype, the nurse can predict the actions and adverse effects of other drugs in the same class. Rationale 4: Studying the prototype drug may allow the nurse to predict the clinical use of another drug in the same class. Rationale 5: Contraindications may differ for specific drugs in the same class as the prototype. Global Rationale: Studying the therapeutic indications of a prototype drug may allow the nurse to predict actions and adverse effects of other drugs in the same group. The nurse can also predict the actions, adverse effects, and clinical uses of other drugs in the same class. The prototype drug does not provide a safety profile of other drugs in the same class. Contraindications may differ for specific dru