NATS 1670 MIDTERM #3 | QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
What is a vaccination? Correct Ans - Injection of antigens;
Antigens from dead microorganisms
Treatments for allergies? Correct Ans - Immunotherapy
Prescription medication in the form of pills or liquid, nasal sprays, or eye
drops
Avoiding allergins
What is immunotherapy? Correct Ans - desensitization or hypo-
sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies, such as
insect bites, and asthma. Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger
and larger amounts of allergen in an attempt to change the immune system's
response
Oral immunotherapy Correct Ans - Making sure that you do this at
hospital not home because you might need medicial attention
Identifying allergies Correct Ans - Skin test: a drop of a suspected
allergen is pricked on the surface of the skin. The test is performed on the
back or forearm. Many suspected allergens are tested at the same time. If you
are allergic to one of the tests, you will have redness and swelling at the test
spot.
Advtanges of Passive Immunization Correct Ans - Immediate
protection
Disadvantages of Passive Immunization Correct Ans - - no long term
proection
- Risk of infection with unknown pathogens (e.g. 80's - hepatitis B/C and AIDS
- Serum sickness - Ex. receiving antibodies from a horse serum, could develop
(one day) negative immune response and cause "Serum Sickness"
, Functions of Agglutination Correct Ans - To bind to a certain
antigen/pathogen and to counter its effect
Neutralization Correct Ans - Ab "neutralizes" toxins, binds to
attachment molecules
Agglutination Correct Ans - is the clumping of particles. The process
that occurs if an antigen is mixed with corresponding antibody called
isoagglutinin. This term is commonly used in blood grouping .
Precipitation Correct Ans - cannot see with naked eye - not large
enough to see the proteins
Opsonization Correct Ans - by antibiotic (Ab) - Fc receptors - triggers
phagocytosis "neutrophil/microphage" = phagocytosis
Lytic attack pathway Correct Ans - assembly of the lytic complex - a
way to kill bacterial cells through compliment activation
How to protect a baby from hepatits B transmission from mother Correct
Ans - - baby shots for hepatits B (CDC recommendations)
- birth (if mom HBV +)
- H-BIG: Hepatits B immune globulin. Passively delivered antibody that
provides "instant" protection against HBV + Hepatitis B Vaccine
- 1-2 months old: Hepatitis B vaccine + 6 months: Hepatitis B vaccine
- 19 out of 20 babies who get the shots will be protected for life
Antigen Correct Ans - are substances that induce a specific immune
response
Antibodies Correct Ans - protein molecules that bind specifically to an
antigen
Prevention and Therapy of Infections Correct Ans - Most of the
damage to cells during infections occurs very early, often before the clinical
symptoms of disease appear: this makes drugs treatment of infection
irrelevant in many cases, prevention of infection is better and cheaper
AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
What is a vaccination? Correct Ans - Injection of antigens;
Antigens from dead microorganisms
Treatments for allergies? Correct Ans - Immunotherapy
Prescription medication in the form of pills or liquid, nasal sprays, or eye
drops
Avoiding allergins
What is immunotherapy? Correct Ans - desensitization or hypo-
sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies, such as
insect bites, and asthma. Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger
and larger amounts of allergen in an attempt to change the immune system's
response
Oral immunotherapy Correct Ans - Making sure that you do this at
hospital not home because you might need medicial attention
Identifying allergies Correct Ans - Skin test: a drop of a suspected
allergen is pricked on the surface of the skin. The test is performed on the
back or forearm. Many suspected allergens are tested at the same time. If you
are allergic to one of the tests, you will have redness and swelling at the test
spot.
Advtanges of Passive Immunization Correct Ans - Immediate
protection
Disadvantages of Passive Immunization Correct Ans - - no long term
proection
- Risk of infection with unknown pathogens (e.g. 80's - hepatitis B/C and AIDS
- Serum sickness - Ex. receiving antibodies from a horse serum, could develop
(one day) negative immune response and cause "Serum Sickness"
, Functions of Agglutination Correct Ans - To bind to a certain
antigen/pathogen and to counter its effect
Neutralization Correct Ans - Ab "neutralizes" toxins, binds to
attachment molecules
Agglutination Correct Ans - is the clumping of particles. The process
that occurs if an antigen is mixed with corresponding antibody called
isoagglutinin. This term is commonly used in blood grouping .
Precipitation Correct Ans - cannot see with naked eye - not large
enough to see the proteins
Opsonization Correct Ans - by antibiotic (Ab) - Fc receptors - triggers
phagocytosis "neutrophil/microphage" = phagocytosis
Lytic attack pathway Correct Ans - assembly of the lytic complex - a
way to kill bacterial cells through compliment activation
How to protect a baby from hepatits B transmission from mother Correct
Ans - - baby shots for hepatits B (CDC recommendations)
- birth (if mom HBV +)
- H-BIG: Hepatits B immune globulin. Passively delivered antibody that
provides "instant" protection against HBV + Hepatitis B Vaccine
- 1-2 months old: Hepatitis B vaccine + 6 months: Hepatitis B vaccine
- 19 out of 20 babies who get the shots will be protected for life
Antigen Correct Ans - are substances that induce a specific immune
response
Antibodies Correct Ans - protein molecules that bind specifically to an
antigen
Prevention and Therapy of Infections Correct Ans - Most of the
damage to cells during infections occurs very early, often before the clinical
symptoms of disease appear: this makes drugs treatment of infection
irrelevant in many cases, prevention of infection is better and cheaper
