MOA and Counseling: Top 100 midterm|2023 LATEST UPDATE|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Bind to opioid receptors in the CNS and alter perception of pain at the spinal cord and higher levels in the CNS *Opioid Agonist -Hydrocodone acetaminophen -Oxycodone acetaminophen -Oxycodone Opioid Agonist Counseling -May cause drowsiness/dizziness/sedation -May cause constipation (may need stool softener) -Avoid use of Alcohol -Avoid use of other Acetaminophen products if combo opioid/ and do not crush ER formulations 00:08 01:18 Block synthesis of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) , decrease formation of prostaglandins (PGs), decrease formation of thromboxane A2(TXA2) *NSAIDS - (non-steriodal anti inflammatoru drug) -Meloxicam (mobic) -Naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve) - Diclofenac (Voltaren or Flector) NSAID counseling - Take with food -Avoid use with other NSAIDS - Do not use if pregnant - May increase bleeding and blood pressure Acts at *brain stem reducing tonic somatic motor activity *Cyclobenzaprine -Class= Muscle Relaxant Central acting alpha 2 adrenergic agonist--> decreases release of excitatory amino acids--> inhibits spinal motor neurons *Tizanidine -class= Muscle Relaxant Muscle Relaxant--Counseling -May cause dry mouth -avoid alcohol use -Avoid driving may cause drowsiness Gabapentin MOA is Unknown ... Exact MOA is unknow- thought ot bind to alpha(2)-delta subunit in CNS tissue Pregabalin GABA Analog--Counseling -Dose must be "titrated" -avoid use with alcohol - may cause drowsiness Mu opioid receptor agonist--> Weak Inhibitor of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake( CNS component) Tramadol (Ultram) -Central-Acting Analgesic Tramadol--counseling -avoid alcohol -drowsiness 00:00 01:18 Decrease production of uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase **Allopurinol (zyloprim) -Xanithine Oxidase Inhibitor Xanithine Oxidase Inhibitor (Allopurinol)---counseling -Report skin rash or signs of allergic rxn -may cause diarrhea, nausea, acute gout attacks -may take several weeks to reach full effect ** -**take after meals to reduce gastric discomfort, maintain hydration Beta-lactam--inhibits bacterial wall *synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins **Amoxicillin (amoxil)--Penicillins(1) also different class, **Cephalosporins(2) -Cephalexin (Keflex) -Cefdinir (Omnicef) beta lactam- inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins , **but also beta-lactamase inhibitor **amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) -Penicillins Penicillin counseling (amoxicillin and amoxicillin-claculanate) -Amoxicillin clavulanate ONLY: ***take with food -BOTH: >finish ALL >report severe diarrhea (C-dif, is serious adverse effect) > store appropriately Cephalosporins (Cephalexin and Cefdinir)--counseling BOTH: -finish all (store appropriatly) -Report severe diarrhea (C-dif) -**potential cross-sensitivity in PCN(penicillin) allergic patients Cefdinir (ONLY): -take with food -**suspension may turn stool red -report severe rash, urticaria, fever and malaise -*seperate at least 2 hours from Ca++, Al, Mg++, containing products(dairy products, multivitamin etc)