AQA GCSE Geography Coasts Questions With Complete Solution

AQA GCSE Geography Coasts Questions With Complete Solution How do different waves form? - CORRECT ANSWER Wind blowing over the sea. Friction with water surface causes ripples that develop into waves. The longer the fetch the more powerful the wave. What is the fetch? - CORRECT ANSWER The distance the wind blows across the water What is the swash? - CORRECT ANSWER The wave breaks onto the beach and moves up it What is the backwash? - CORRECT ANSWER Water rolling back from the beach due to gravity What is a prevailing wind? - CORRECT ANSWER A wind coming from the predominant direction What is a constructive wave? - CORRECT ANSWER Long fetch with weak wind, low wave in proportion to length. Strong swash, weak backwash (soaks into sand/slowly drains away) When do you see constructive waves? - CORRECT ANSWER Usually found in summer because of the weaker winds What is a destructive wave? - CORRECT ANSWER Strong prevailing wind with a long fetch. Causes erosion. Tall breaker, weak swash, strong backwash. What is a tall breaker? - CORRECT ANSWER It breaks downwards with a great force When/Where do you see destructive waves? - CORRECT ANSWER In the winter (strong winds) and near oceans because of the strong prevailing wind, e.g Cornwall as it is close to the Atlantic What are the four processes of erosion? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Hydraulic Action (pop!) 2. Abrasion 3. Attrition 4. Solution What are the four processes of transportation? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Traction 2.Saltation 3. Suspension 4. Solution What are the three types of weathering? - CORRECT ANSWER Biological (trees growing), Chemical (limestone dissolving in water), Mechanical (freeze thaw) What is mass movement? - CORRECT ANSWER The downhill movement of weathered material due to the force of gravity What are the four types of mass movement? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Rock Fall 2. Mudflow 3. Landslide 4. Rotational Slip What is rock fall? - CORRECT ANSWER An avalanche of loose rocks, made worse by mechanical weathering (freeze thaw). An example of this was in Burton Bradstock, Dorset Coast in August 2016 What is mudflow? - CORRECT ANSWER A fluid or hardened stream or avalanche of mud often made worse by biological weathering. An example of this was in Stehekin, Washington in 2013. What is landslide? - CORRECT ANSWER Blocks of rock slide downhill made worse by biological weathering. An example of this was in Hells Mouth, Cornwall in 2016. What is rotational slip? - CORRECT ANSWER Slump of saturated soil on a weak surface. An example of this is the Holbeck Hall landslide in Scarborough What is long shore drift? - CORRECT ANSWER When sediment moves across the beach. First onto it by swash (in the direction of the prevailling wind), when it comes back in backwash it goes at a right angle to the beach. This repeats. What is a headland? - CORRECT ANSWER a narrow piece of land that projects from a coastline into the sea. What is a bay? - CORRECT ANSWER a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards.