EDF 6226 Exam 2 Study Guide 2023/2024 Solved

________ _______ is the liklihood that a target problem behavior will occur in a given circumstance - ANSWER-Conditional probabilty ________ enables hypotheses about the relations among specific types of environmental events and behaviors - ANSWER-FBA _________ ________ _________ can account for behaviors that are either appropriate or harmful - ANSWER-Automatic negative reinforcement _________ ________ is a procedure for recording the extent to which a target behavior occurs more often at particular times than others - ANSWER-scatter plot recording 2 negative reinforcement conditons - ANSWER-social negative reinforcement (escape), automatic negative reinforcement 3 methods of an FBA - ANSWER-Functional (experimental) analysis, descriptive assessments, indirect assessment 3 positive reinforcement conditions - ANSWER-social positive reinforcement (attention), tangible, automatic positive reinforcement 3 strategic approaches of an FBA - ANSWER-Alter antecedent variables, alter consequent variables, teach alternative behaviors 3 test conditions presented in an FA - ANSWER-attention, escape, alone 3 variations of a descriptive FBA - ANSWER-ABC continuous recording, ABC narrative recording, and scatterplots 4 conditions presented in a FA - ANSWER-3 test conditions and 1 control condition 4 functions of behavior - ANSWER-attention, escape, tangible, alone A _______ _______ is when the practitioner first makes the putative reinforcer contingent on one target behavior and then on an appropriate replacement behavior. - ANSWER-contingency reversal a ________ _______ FA consists of a series of trials interspersed among classroom activities - ANSWER-trial based A behavior is assumed to be maintained by __________ _________ only after social reinforcers have been ruled out - ANSWER-automatic reinforcement Advantage of a brief functional analysis - ANSWER-reveals a function clearly in fewer sessions than a full FA an FBA does NOT _______ which interventions will be effective in treating problem behavior an FBA does identify ________ that may trigger problem behavior and ________ ______ that can be used as part of the reinforcement intervention package - ANSWER-identify; antecedents; powerful reinforcers an FBA is not "done". Assessment is ________ once intervention is implemented - ANSWER-ongoing Automatic ________ reinforcement terminates _________ stimuli - ANSWER-negative; aversive Automatic Positive reinforcement provides what? - ANSWER-sensory stimulation Behavior maintained by _________ ________ in the form of reactions from others can often occur in situations in which attention is otherwise infrequent - ANSWER-positive reinforcement behavior rating scales designed for FAs ask the informants to estimate the ________ to which behavior occurs under specified conditions using a ________ scale - ANSWER-extent; likert Behaviors that directly terminate aversive stimulation are maintained by ___________ __________ that is an automatic outcome of the response - ANSWER-negative reinforcement Behaviors that directly terminate aversive stimulation are therefore maintained by ________ _________ that is an automatic outcome of the response - ANSWER-negative reinforcement Child is crying because child has an earache. (In this example, the crying isnt due to a factor outside the childs body. Instead, it is due to an experience the child is having inside.) whats the function - ANSWER-automatic positive reinforcement Child puts his head down on the desk when presented with academic work. Child is not expected to finish the academic work. Child learns that putting his head down on the desk will get him out of doing the non-preferred task of academic work. whats the function? - ANSWER-social negative reinforcement (escape) Child throws ABA materials on the ground and is no longer required to complete the task that was presented to him or her. Child learns that throwing materials on the ground will get him or her out of having to do the work. whats the function? - ANSWER-social negative reinforcement (escape) Child wants candy at the check-out line. Child says, I want some candy. Parent says no. Child cries and whines more about wanting candy. Parent lets child get candy. Child learns that crying and whining gets him or her the candy. whats the function - ANSWER-tangible reinforcement Child wants to use a toy that he likes. Therapist is holding onto the toy. Child grabs toward the toy to take it (or child whines and grabs for the toy). Therapist gives the toy. Child learns that grabbing for the toy (with or without whining-instead of speaking or using PECS or other form of communication) gets him the toy. whats the function - ANSWER-tangible reinforcement Child whines until parent attends to them. Child learns that whining will get attention from their parent. whats the function - ANSWER-social positive reinforcement (attention) Closed-ended indirect assessment instruments have repeatedly demonstrated to be unreliable and therefore of questionable _______ in identifying function - ANSWER-validity descriptive FA generally Yield false positives for an ________ function - ANSWER-attention Descriptive FBA's are used to identify - ANSWER-events correlated with the target behavior Each test condition of an FA contains a ________ ________ and a potential source of ________ for problem behavior - ANSWER-motivating operation; reinforcement Elevated problem behavior in the alone condition suggests that problem behavior is maintained by _________ _________ - ANSWER-automatic reinforcement Elevated problem behavior in the contingent attention condition suggests that problem behavior is maintained by _______ _______ _______ - ANSWER-social positive reinforcement Elevated problem behavior in the contingent escape condition suggests that problem behavior is maintained by _______ ______ - ANSWER-negative reinforcement FBA can best be viewed as a 4-step process 1) gather information with _______ and _________ assessments 2) interpret information from indirect and descriptive assessments and formulate __________ about the _______ of problem behavior 3) test hypotheses using _______ _____ 4) develop ________ options based on the ________ of the problem behavior - ANSWER-indirect; descriptive; hypotheses; purpose; functional analysis; intervention; function FBA can decrease reliance on _______ _______ (e.g., punishment-based interventions) and contribute to more effective interventions - ANSWER-default technologies FBA's are designed to obtain information about the ________ (________) a behavior serves for a person - ANSWER-purposes; functions functional analysis is also known as ______ - ANSWER-Analog Functions of behavior are not ______rather they are ______ and change over _______ - ANSWER-static; dynamic; time If problem behavior occurs frequently in all conditions, or is variable across conditions, responding is considered ___________ - ANSWER-undifferentiated in a ______ ______ ______ only one ot two 5-10 minute sessions are conducted for each condition - ANSWER-brief functional analysis In a _______ ________ FA, each session is terminated ass soon as a problem behavior occurs - ANSWER-latency based In ABC continuous recording, the _______ _______ events (antecedent and consequence) are recorded whenever they occur REGARDLESS of whether problem behavior occurred with it. This allows practitioners to understand events that occur in close ________ ______ to the target behavior - ANSWER-targeted environmental; temporal proximity In ABC narrative recording only data is collected when ______ ______ occurs - ANSWER-problem behavior In an FA, the _________ and ________ similar to those occurring in the natural routines are presented in a _______ manner, but the analysis is not conducted in the context of naturally occurring routines - ANSWER-antecedents; consequences; systematic In the test condition of the IISCA, _________ contingencies are implemented simultaneously when the problem behavior occurs. in the control contingency, those same reinforcers are presented ____________ and ___________ - ANSWER-multiple; non contingently; continuously Limitations of FA's include - ANSWER-strengthening undesired behaviors, limited acceptability, some behaviors may not be appropriate for an FA, naturally occurring variables go undetected, time and effort