professional nursing, (Answered)

professional nursing, (Answered) Characteristics of a Profession (8) 1. The service is vital to humanity and society 2. Specialized knowledge expanded through research 3. The service is intellectual in nature; Strong individual responsibility for practice 4. Educated in institutions of higher learning 5. Practitioners are relatively independent and autonomous 6. There is a code of ethics to guide decisions and member's conduct 7. There is an organization/ association that encourages and supports high standards of practice 8. Working identity based on values and mission of the profession ANA -Founded in 1896 -The ANA is the only full-service professional organization representing the interests of the nation's 3.6 million registered nurses -National Organization (ANA) State-level Constituent Organizations (e.g.: ANA-New York) -In 2013 the American Nurses Association had 163,011 registered members definition of nursing "Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations." scope of practice -The "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how" of nursing practice. -Each of these questions must be answered to provide a complete picture of the dynamic and complex practice of nursing -Scope of practice bound by state regulations, organizational policies, patient needs -Trend to expand nurses' scope of practice to take advantage of their education and expertise scope of practice- ask yourself -Did I learn this skill in my basic nursing program? -Did I learn this skill as part of a comprehensive training program which included clinical experience? -Is the skill commonplace in nursing literature and in nursing practice that it can reasonably and prudently be assumed within scope? -Is the skill outlined in the organization's policy and procedure manual? -Does this skill pass the "reasonable and prudent" standard of nursing? the goals of the nursing profession (social compact) Nursing has an active and enduring leadership role six areas of health care: 1. Organization, delivery, and financing of quality health care 2. Provision for the public's health 3. Expansion of nursing knowledge and appropriate application of technology 4. Expansion of healthcare resources and health policy 5. Planning for health policy and regulation 6. Duties under extreme conditions workforce issues and trends IOM Future of Nursing Report -goal that 80% of the RN workforce holds a bachelor's degree Promote racial and ethnic diversity of the workforce so it more closely matches the US population Wave of retirement, impending shortage, new career opportunities Four generations of nurses in the workplace each with different values and expectations Mid-Nineteenth-Century Nursing in England: The Influence of Florence Nightingale She was the founder of modern nursing. May 12, 1820 She was the daughter of a privileged, aristocratic family. Stifled by her social position, she entered nurses' training at age 30. She spurred reform of the British Army medical system based on her efforts during Crimean War. She wrote Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not to establish nursing's unique body of knowledge. She founded first training school for nurses in London (1860). After the Civil War: Moving Toward Education and Licensure Under the Challenges of Segregation The Civil War prompted a move toward formal education of nurses Three American schools were modeled after Nightingale's school and opened in 1873: Bellevue Training School for Nurses (New York City) Connecticut Training School for Nurses (New Haven) Boston Training School for Nurses at Massachusetts General Hospital The Feminization of Nursing Requirements for early nursing school applicants were based on Victorian stereotypes of female qualities. "Good breeding" and "ladylike behavior" Submission to authority Sensitivity Intelligence Professionalization Through Organization Chicago World's Fair (1893) Several nursing leaders emerged after gathering there to share ideas. Isabel Hampton Robb Lavinia Lloyd Dock Bedford Fenwick Paper by Florence Nightingale What became the National League for Nursing (NLN; with its early name) was formed at this meeting. 1896: American Nurses Association (ANA) Founded by Isabel Hampton Robb Name changed to ANA in 1911 1899: International Council of Nurses (ICN) 1908: National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses 1916: African-American students admitted to ANA through constituent states in the North Professionalism and Standardization of Nursing Through Licensure 1903: Four states created permissive licensure. Established "title protection" for nurses in these states 1923: All states require examinations for "title protection," though not standardized. 1947: Fully mandated licensure, as started in New York in 1930, became the norm. 1950: NLN administered the first nationwide State Board Test Pool Examination. Nursing's Focus on Social Justice: The Henry Street Settlement Margaret Sanger Henry Street Settlement Addressed plight of immigrant women in New York Fought for safe contraception and family planning Dangerous, controversial work Renowned for preserving reproductive and contraceptive rights for women : Challenges of the Great Depression and World War II- CWA, social security act, WWII 1933: The Civil Works Administration (CWA) nurses provided rural and school health services for families who could no long afford nursing services. 1935: Social Security Act enhanced public health nursing. World War II The inadequate supply of nurses prompted Congress to budget for nursing education. 124,000 volunteer student nurses were certified by the Cadet Nurse Corps. Technological Developments- (4) Four types: genetics, biomedical, information, and knowledge Genetics: Genomics, epigenetics, and pharmacogenetics will shape the foreseeable future of health care and nursing practice. Biomedical: Nurses take responsibility for monitoring and responding to data generated by complex machines or implantable devices. The ANA Advances the Nursing Profession by: 1. Fostering high standards of nursing practice, 2. Promoting the rights of nurses in the workplace, 3. Projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing, 4. Lobbying the Congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues affecting nurses and the public.