Samenvatting weefsels
Steunweefsel, weefselkweek, bloed, zenuwweefsel en spierweefsel
Biomedische Wetenschappen
2019-2020
Door Nicole (studente BMW)
,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding steunweefsels ........................................................................................................................... 6
Multipotente mesenchymale stamcellen............................................................................................ 6
Kraakbeen............................................................................................................................................ 6
Hyalien kraakbeen ........................................................................................................................... 8
Elastisch kraakbeen ....................................................................................................................... 11
Fibreus kraakbeen (vezelig) ........................................................................................................... 11
Kraakbeenzones ............................................................................................................................ 13
Embryonale vorming en groei ....................................................................................................... 15
Meer aspecten van kraakbeen ...................................................................................................... 17
Gewrichts (articulair) kraakbeen ................................................................................................... 18
Vorming van bot .................................................................................................................................... 19
Embryonale vorming en groei ........................................................................................................... 19
Endesmale (intramembraneuze) botvorming ............................................................................... 19
Mineralisatie van osteoïd .............................................................................................................. 22
Botmatrix (osteoïd) ....................................................................................................................... 22
Communicatie van osteocyten ...................................................................................................... 23
Overzicht botvorming .................................................................................................................... 24
Endochrondale botvorming........................................................................................................... 24
Appositionele botgroei .................................................................................................................. 32
Volwassen bot ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Opbouw van pijpbeenderen .............................................................................................................. 33
Compact bot .................................................................................................................................. 34
Spongieus bot ................................................................................................................................ 34
Lamellair bot...................................................................................................................................... 36
Vorming van osteonen en remodeling .......................................................................................... 37
Skelet als calcium-reservoir ............................................................................................................... 40
Runx2/Cbfa1 essentieel voor botvorming......................................................................................... 41
Inleiding cel- en weefselkweek ............................................................................................................. 42
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 42
Voordelen ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Nadelen ......................................................................................................................................... 42
Geschiedenis ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Tissue engineering ......................................................................................................................... 46
Collecties van cellijnen .................................................................................................................. 46
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, Typen weefselkweek ......................................................................................................................... 46
Weefselkweek ............................................................................................................................... 47
Orgaankweek................................................................................................................................. 47
Celkweek ....................................................................................................................................... 48
Praktijk van weefselkweek ................................................................................................................ 50
Apparaten ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Kweekfactoren .............................................................................................................................. 52
Contaminaties ............................................................................................................................... 54
Fysiologie bloed ..................................................................................................................................... 56
Bloedcirculatie ................................................................................................................................... 56
Functies bloed ................................................................................................................................... 56
Hematopoëse .................................................................................................................................... 57
Voorlopercellen en precursorcellen .............................................................................................. 59
Beenmerg ...................................................................................................................................... 60
Rijping van erythrocyten ............................................................................................................... 60
Oorsprong van bloedplaatjes ........................................................................................................ 61
Samenstelling bloed .......................................................................................................................... 63
Plasma ........................................................................................................................................... 63
Buffy coat ...................................................................................................................................... 65
Rode bloedcellen ........................................................................................................................... 65
Morfologie van bloedcellen .............................................................................................................. 66
Neutrofielen .................................................................................................................................. 68
Eosinofielen ................................................................................................................................... 68
Basofielen ...................................................................................................................................... 68
Lymfocyten .................................................................................................................................... 68
Monocyten .................................................................................................................................... 68
Erythrocyten .................................................................................................................................. 69
Bloedgroepen .................................................................................................................................... 76
ABO systeem ................................................................................................................................. 76
Bloedgroepbepaling ...................................................................................................................... 78
Bloedtransfusie.............................................................................................................................. 79
Hemostase ............................................................................................................................................. 80
Plasma vs. serum ............................................................................................................................... 80
Functie hemostase ............................................................................................................................ 81
Vasoconstrictie .............................................................................................................................. 82
Aggregatie van bloedplaatjes ........................................................................................................ 82
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, Stolling (coagulatie) ....................................................................................................................... 83
Extreme schade ............................................................................................................................. 84
Rol van bloedplaatjes bij verwonding ........................................................................................... 84
Rol van de vaatwand bij verwonding ............................................................................................ 84
Stolling vs. fibrinolyse .................................................................................................................... 85
Antistollingsmiddelen .................................................................................................................... 86
Anemie .............................................................................................................................................. 86
Thalassemie ................................................................................................................................... 86
Sikkelcelanemie ............................................................................................................................. 86
Pernicieuze anemie ....................................................................................................................... 87
Zenuwweefsel ....................................................................................................................................... 88
Ganglia ............................................................................................................................................... 88
Spinale ganglia ............................................................................................................................... 88
Autonome ganglia ......................................................................................................................... 88
Differentiatie zenuwcellen ................................................................................................................ 90
Neurale stamcellen........................................................................................................................ 90
Embryonale ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................. 91
Neuronen........................................................................................................................................... 92
Functionele categorieën ................................................................................................................ 92
Perikaryon ..................................................................................................................................... 94
Axonaal transport .............................................................................................................................. 95
Cytoskelet .......................................................................................................................................... 97
Neurofilamenten ........................................................................................................................... 97
Actinefilamenten ........................................................................................................................... 98
Synapsen............................................................................................................................................ 99
Neuronen en gliacellen ................................................................................................................... 101
Gliacellen ..................................................................................................................................... 103
Bouw van perifere zenuwen............................................................................................................ 109
Merghoudende vs. mergloze zenuwen ....................................................................................... 110
Histologie ..................................................................................................................................... 111
Membraanfysiologie en zenuwfysiologie ............................................................................................ 112
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 112
Prikkelbaarheid van membranen .................................................................................................... 113
Ionkanalen ................................................................................................................................... 113
Wet van Nernst (Nernst equation) .............................................................................................. 114
Wet van Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz ................................................................................................. 114
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Steunweefsel, weefselkweek, bloed, zenuwweefsel en spierweefsel
Biomedische Wetenschappen
2019-2020
Door Nicole (studente BMW)
,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding steunweefsels ........................................................................................................................... 6
Multipotente mesenchymale stamcellen............................................................................................ 6
Kraakbeen............................................................................................................................................ 6
Hyalien kraakbeen ........................................................................................................................... 8
Elastisch kraakbeen ....................................................................................................................... 11
Fibreus kraakbeen (vezelig) ........................................................................................................... 11
Kraakbeenzones ............................................................................................................................ 13
Embryonale vorming en groei ....................................................................................................... 15
Meer aspecten van kraakbeen ...................................................................................................... 17
Gewrichts (articulair) kraakbeen ................................................................................................... 18
Vorming van bot .................................................................................................................................... 19
Embryonale vorming en groei ........................................................................................................... 19
Endesmale (intramembraneuze) botvorming ............................................................................... 19
Mineralisatie van osteoïd .............................................................................................................. 22
Botmatrix (osteoïd) ....................................................................................................................... 22
Communicatie van osteocyten ...................................................................................................... 23
Overzicht botvorming .................................................................................................................... 24
Endochrondale botvorming........................................................................................................... 24
Appositionele botgroei .................................................................................................................. 32
Volwassen bot ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Opbouw van pijpbeenderen .............................................................................................................. 33
Compact bot .................................................................................................................................. 34
Spongieus bot ................................................................................................................................ 34
Lamellair bot...................................................................................................................................... 36
Vorming van osteonen en remodeling .......................................................................................... 37
Skelet als calcium-reservoir ............................................................................................................... 40
Runx2/Cbfa1 essentieel voor botvorming......................................................................................... 41
Inleiding cel- en weefselkweek ............................................................................................................. 42
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 42
Voordelen ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Nadelen ......................................................................................................................................... 42
Geschiedenis ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Tissue engineering ......................................................................................................................... 46
Collecties van cellijnen .................................................................................................................. 46
1
, Typen weefselkweek ......................................................................................................................... 46
Weefselkweek ............................................................................................................................... 47
Orgaankweek................................................................................................................................. 47
Celkweek ....................................................................................................................................... 48
Praktijk van weefselkweek ................................................................................................................ 50
Apparaten ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Kweekfactoren .............................................................................................................................. 52
Contaminaties ............................................................................................................................... 54
Fysiologie bloed ..................................................................................................................................... 56
Bloedcirculatie ................................................................................................................................... 56
Functies bloed ................................................................................................................................... 56
Hematopoëse .................................................................................................................................... 57
Voorlopercellen en precursorcellen .............................................................................................. 59
Beenmerg ...................................................................................................................................... 60
Rijping van erythrocyten ............................................................................................................... 60
Oorsprong van bloedplaatjes ........................................................................................................ 61
Samenstelling bloed .......................................................................................................................... 63
Plasma ........................................................................................................................................... 63
Buffy coat ...................................................................................................................................... 65
Rode bloedcellen ........................................................................................................................... 65
Morfologie van bloedcellen .............................................................................................................. 66
Neutrofielen .................................................................................................................................. 68
Eosinofielen ................................................................................................................................... 68
Basofielen ...................................................................................................................................... 68
Lymfocyten .................................................................................................................................... 68
Monocyten .................................................................................................................................... 68
Erythrocyten .................................................................................................................................. 69
Bloedgroepen .................................................................................................................................... 76
ABO systeem ................................................................................................................................. 76
Bloedgroepbepaling ...................................................................................................................... 78
Bloedtransfusie.............................................................................................................................. 79
Hemostase ............................................................................................................................................. 80
Plasma vs. serum ............................................................................................................................... 80
Functie hemostase ............................................................................................................................ 81
Vasoconstrictie .............................................................................................................................. 82
Aggregatie van bloedplaatjes ........................................................................................................ 82
2
, Stolling (coagulatie) ....................................................................................................................... 83
Extreme schade ............................................................................................................................. 84
Rol van bloedplaatjes bij verwonding ........................................................................................... 84
Rol van de vaatwand bij verwonding ............................................................................................ 84
Stolling vs. fibrinolyse .................................................................................................................... 85
Antistollingsmiddelen .................................................................................................................... 86
Anemie .............................................................................................................................................. 86
Thalassemie ................................................................................................................................... 86
Sikkelcelanemie ............................................................................................................................. 86
Pernicieuze anemie ....................................................................................................................... 87
Zenuwweefsel ....................................................................................................................................... 88
Ganglia ............................................................................................................................................... 88
Spinale ganglia ............................................................................................................................... 88
Autonome ganglia ......................................................................................................................... 88
Differentiatie zenuwcellen ................................................................................................................ 90
Neurale stamcellen........................................................................................................................ 90
Embryonale ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................. 91
Neuronen........................................................................................................................................... 92
Functionele categorieën ................................................................................................................ 92
Perikaryon ..................................................................................................................................... 94
Axonaal transport .............................................................................................................................. 95
Cytoskelet .......................................................................................................................................... 97
Neurofilamenten ........................................................................................................................... 97
Actinefilamenten ........................................................................................................................... 98
Synapsen............................................................................................................................................ 99
Neuronen en gliacellen ................................................................................................................... 101
Gliacellen ..................................................................................................................................... 103
Bouw van perifere zenuwen............................................................................................................ 109
Merghoudende vs. mergloze zenuwen ....................................................................................... 110
Histologie ..................................................................................................................................... 111
Membraanfysiologie en zenuwfysiologie ............................................................................................ 112
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 112
Prikkelbaarheid van membranen .................................................................................................... 113
Ionkanalen ................................................................................................................................... 113
Wet van Nernst (Nernst equation) .............................................................................................. 114
Wet van Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz ................................................................................................. 114
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