NYSTCE Childhood Literacy 221 questions and answers 2023

NYSTCE Childhood Literacy 221 questions and answers 2023Second language acquisition Make all instruction as easy to understand as possible Relate instruction to culture of ESL children Increase interactive activities use gestures when modeling Effect of Vocabulary The more vocab a student knows the higher their comprehension Purpose of Print and book awareness See connection between words and meaning Learn that reading/writing are ways to obtain info and communicate ideas Learn the features of text ie read left to right space etc etc Use of print rich environment Display a variety of print in classroom use graphic organizers (and display) use big books (to point out print) Ways to develop language Learn through interacting with others and experiencing language in context Promote language development by modeling enriched vocab Use questions and examples to extend descriptive language skills Promote ample response time Ask for clarification Promote conversations Provide feedback so they know they've been heard Fluency Read accurately and quickly increased by providing many reading opportunities Phonics Learning to read by learning how spoken language is represented by letters. Decoding Method/strategy to make sense of printed words and correctly pronounce them Alphabetic principle Use of letters and combos of letters to represent speech sounds Teaching phonological awareness - clapping to sounds of words names all words in sentences - practice saying blended phonemes - singing songs that involve phoneme replacement - reading variety of texts (includes patterned and predictable alliterative) out loud - listening to enviornmental sounds/following directions - games with rhyming chants fingerplays - group objects by beginning sound Onset sounds Sounds at beginning of words Phonemes Sounds represented by letters in alphabet Phonological awareness Ability to perceive sound structures in spoken word syllables and individual phonemes within syllables Literacy Ability to read and write Journal writing Give student practice with writing shouldn't be graded offer encouraging comments Beginning stages of learning how to write - drawing pictures - scribble stage - children have most interest in own name - learn alphabet and associating a sound with each letter still reversing letters - correct beginning/ending letters/sounds - phonetic spelling