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BIOS 242 Week 4 Concepts; Controlling Microbial Growth

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Week4Concepts:ControllingMicrobialGrowth ControllingMicrobialGrowth Prepare:ControllingMicrobialGrowth • Thesterilizinggasusedinchemiclavesis . • HEPAfiltersareusedtoremovemicrobesfrom • Whichofthefollowingmicrobialformshasthehighestresistancetophysicalandchemicalcontrols? • Sterilizationisachievedby • Themethodofremovingvegetativemicrobiallifeformsanddebristoreducecontaminationtosafelevelsistermed • isahalogenusedingaseousandliquidformforlargescaledisinfectionofdrinkingwaterandsewage. • Thealcoholwipeusedonapatient'sskinbeforeaninjectionisanexampleof . Self-Check:DisinfectionTechniques • Dragthefollowingtermstotheircorrespondingdescription. Self-Check:DisinfectionTechniquesII • _______isdisinfectiononalivingsurface. • _______Themostresistantinfectiousparticlesare . • _______arethesturdiestandmostencounteredinfectiousagents.Forthisreason,theseareusedtotesttheefficacyofautoclaves. • _______removesallmicrobesfromtheenvironment. Self-Check:FactorsAffectingtheEfficacyofAntimicrobialMethods • Dragtorankthefollowingfrommostresistant(top)toleastresistant(bottom). Self-Check:MethodsofChemicalControl • _______wasthefirstmajorantimicrobialchemicalusedwithtoxicandirritatingsideeffects. • _______(70to95%)isusedinskindegerminganddisinfectionofsometypesofmedicalequipment. • _______ismostcommonlyusedashouseholdbleach. • _______solution is used to treat gonococcal infections in eye of newborn, mouth ulcers and root canaltreatment. Reflect:ControllingMicrobialGrowth • _______ areusedaspreservativesforophthalmicsolutionsandcosmetics. • Theminimumsterilizingconditionsinasteamautoclaveare • _______heatismorerapidlyeffectiveandefficientcomparedto heat. • _______radiation excites atoms to a higher energy state within molecules such as DNA, which leads to the formationof pyrimidine dimers. • _______aqueoussolution,isusedasembalmingfluid • Physicalagentsforcontrollingmicrobialgrowthincludeallofthefollowingexcept . • Scrubbingorimmersingtheskininchemicalstoreducethenumbersofmicrobesontheskinis . • Whichofthefollowingitemsaretypicallyirradiatedinordertokillmicrobes? Antimicrobials Prepare:Antibiotics • Aminoglycosides • Whichantimicrobialdoesnotinterferewithproteinsynthesis? • Sulfa drugs work on • Whichantimicrobialdoesnotinhibitcellwallsynthesis? • Antimicrobialseffectiveagainstawidevarietyofmicrobialtypesaretermed . Self-Check:NarrowSpectrumorBroadSpectrum • Usethediagramtodetermineifthefollowingdrugsarenarrow-spectrumorbroad-spectrum. Self-Check:ZoneofInhibition • Selectallthenumbersassociatedwiththeantibioticdiscsthatshownozoneofinhibition(andthus,resistancetothat antibiotic concentration). Self-Check:AntimicrobialDrugs • Importantcharacteristicsofantimicrobialdrugsinclude • Theuseofadrugtopreventimminentinfectioniscalled . Self-Check:MechanismsofDrugAction • Draganddroptermstotheirrespectivelocationsonthediagram. Self-Check:MechanismsofDrugAction:Inhibition • Draganddroptermstotheirrespectivelocationsonthediagram. Self-Check:IdentifyingDrugsandTheirUses • Matchthedrugswiththemicrobialagents/diseasesthattheyareusedfor. Self-Check:AdditionalAntimicrobials • Antiviral Chemotherapeutic agents have three modes of action- barring the penetration of the virus, blockingtranscriptionandtranslationofviralmolecules,andpreventingmaturationofviralparticles.Matchtheimagetothemodeofaction. Self-Check:AntimicrobialResistance • Thecellularbasisforbacterialresistancetoantimicrobialsinclude • Eachofthefollowingresultsindrugresistance,except Reflect:Antibiotics • Selectivetoxicityreferstodamageto • areantimicrobialseffectiveagainstawidevarietyofmicrobialtypes. • test shows susceptibility using large agar plates, a bacterial lawn, and antibiotic-infuseddiscs. • Penicillinsandcephalosporins • Somebacteriathatareresistanttopenicillinhave • isusedasanantihelminthesdrug. • aredefinedasantimicrobialagentsfordrugstargetingbacteriaandnotothertypesofmicrobes. • Matchthedrugswiththemicrobialagents/diseasesthattheyareusedfor. • isusedtotreatfungalinfections. Host-microbeinteractions Prepare:Host-microbeInteractions • Whichofthefollowingisadirectcontactmethodofmicrobetransmission? • Theobjectiveevidenceofdiseasenotedbyanobserveristermeda/an . • Theterminfectionrefersto(selectallthatapply) • Aninfectious agentalreadyexistingonorinthebodyiscalled . • Opportunisticpathogens Self-Check:Microbe-HumanInteractions • Theeffectofbeneficialmicrobesofnormalbiotaagainstinvadingmicrobesiscalled . • Whichofthefollowingisinoculationofnormalbiotatoanewborn Self-Check:InfectiousDisease • Matchthetermwiththedefinition. Self-Check:ProgressofInfection • Placethestepsofwhenmicrobescausediseaseinthecorrectorderfromtoptobottom. Self-Check:PatternsofInfection • Match the pattern of infection with the description. Self-Check:StagesintheCourseofInfection • Dragthetermtolabelthediagram. Reflect:Host-microbeInteractions • Theinitial,briefperiodofearly,generalsymptomssuchasfatigueandmuscleachesisthe . • Endogenousinfectiousagentsarisefrommicrobesthatare . • Theprimary,naturalhabitatofapathogenwhereitcontinuestoexistiscalledthe . • TORCHisanacronymthatrepresentsthemostcommon . • BasedonnewinformationfromtheHumanMicrobiomeProject,thehumanbodytypicallybeginstobecolonizedbyitsnormalbiota • Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrectterminologyusedforresidentbiota? • Onceamicrobehasenteredahost,whatprocessperformedbycertainwhitebloodcellswillattempttodestroythemicrobes? • Whichofthefollowingisnotafactorthatweakenshostdefensesagainstinfections? • A isanyobjectiveevidenceofthediseaseasnotedbytheobserver. • Whichofthefollowingisnotastructureusedforbacterialadhesion? • Infectionsthatgounnoticedbecausetherearenosymptomsarecalled . • Whichofthefollowingisamismatchedtermanddescription?

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Week 4 Concepts: Controlling Microbial Growth Controlling Microbial Growth
Prepare: Controlling Microbial Growth
The sterilizing gas used in chemiclaves is .
ethylene oxide iodophor formaldehyde
chlorine dioxide Glutaraldehy
de
HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from
air. liquid
s.
human tissues. medical instruments.
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following microbial forms has the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls?
Bacterial endospores Fungal spores Protozoan cysts Naked viruses
Yeast
Sterilization is achieved by
flash pasteurization. hot water.
boiling water. steam autoclave.
All of the choices are correct.
The method of removing vegetative microbial life forms and debris to reduce contamination to safe levels is termed . antisepsis pasteurizati
on sanitization disinfection is a halogen used in gaseous and liquid form for large scale disinfection of drinking water and sewage.
Bromin
e Betadin e Fluorine
Neon Chlorin
e
The alcohol wipe used on a patient's skin before an injection is an example of .
antisepsis disinfection sterilization decontaminati
on sanitization Self-Check: Disinfection Techniques
Drag the following terms to their corresponding description.
Self-Check: Disinfection Techniques II is disinfection on a living surface.
antisepsis sanitizatio
n degermati
on disinfectio
n Sterilizatio
n
The most resistant infectious particles are .
fungi endospore
s viruses prions Helminths are the sturdiest and most encountered infectious agents. For this reason, these are used to test the
efficacy of autoclaves.
viruses helmint
hs fungi prions
Endospores removes all microbes from the environment.
disinfectio
n sterilizatio
n antisepsis sanitizatio
n destruction of most microbial life, but often does not kill spore-forming bacteriaDisinfection
mechanical removal of most microbes from an
animate or inanimate surface and can be
accomplished with hot water, steam, or chemicals.Decontamination
prevents bacteria from reproducing and does not kill
bacteriaBacteriostatic
destruction of all microbial life including endospores Sterilization
disinfection on a living surface, such as patient’s
armAntisepsis
kills bacteria Bacteriocide/
Bacteriocidal
the heating of food (ice-cream) and beverages (milk, Pasteurization
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