NREMT- E Questions with correct Answers 100%

NREMT- E Questions with correct Answers 100% Types of Bleeding trauma Avulsion Laceration Abrasion Contusion ....... pleuritic chest pain sharp, stabbing pain made worse by deep breath or chest wall movement, often inflammation of pleura is cause. emphysema A disease of the lung, extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli w/ poor exchange of Oxygen & CO2 (A form of COPD) Obese is considered to be 20-30% over the ideal weight Occiput most posterior portion of the cranium Intracerebral Hematoma bleeding within the brain tissue itself Subdural Hematoma Blood beneath the dura but outside of the brain ecchymosis bruising/discoloration associated with bleeding within or under skin Retractions Movement in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration DCAP-BTLS D-deformities C-contusions (aka bruise) A-abrasions (superficial layer of skin) P-punctures/penetrations B-burns T-tenderness L-lacerations S- swelling Dysbarism refers to medical conditions dealing with a change in ambient pressure, such as scuba diver or High altitude e.g. Barotrauma- injury due to pressure effect on air space Hematemesis Vomited Blood (Suspect GI bleed) Hematuria Blood in urine Hemoptysis coughing up blood Hyperventilation can be associated with -Resp. Infection -Aspirin overdose -Hyperglycemia Plasma sticky, yellow fluid carrying blood cells and nutrients and transports cellular waste to organs of excretion Remarkable vs Unremarkable Unremarkable is meaning normal finding decompensated shock late stage of shock where BP is falling ischemic stroke 1 of 2 main types of stroke; occurs when blood flow to particular part of brain is cut off by blockage(clot) inside a blood vessel ischemia a lack of oxygen that deprives the tissues of necessary nutrients , resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow, potentially reversible pneumonia inflammation or infection of lung by bacterial, viral or fungal cause s/s of tension Pneumothorax profound cyanosis bulging intercostal muscles unilaterally absent breath sounds s/s of late heatstroke weak, rapid pulse status epilepticus prolonged seizures without return of consciousness subcutaneous emphysema indicates air is escaping into chest wall from damaged lung tidal volume The amount of air (mL) moved in or out of the lungs in one breath minute volume amount moved in or out minus the dead space automaticity the ability of cardiac muscles to contract without stimulation from nervous system. anterior fontanelle fuses between ages? 9 and 18 months (which is the area between the 2 front and 2 parietal bones of skull) diving reflex slowing of heart rate in cold water paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea attacks of severe shortness of breath and coughing occurring at night jugular vein distention bulging of jugular veins; may be result of tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, pressure in chest, fluid overload Cardiac Tamponade compression of heart as a result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leads to decreased cardiac output peripheral edema accumulation of fluid in tissues (edema) perfused by peripheral vascular system (not trunk) "limbs" conjunctiva delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers exposed surface of the eye. pectoral girdle consists of scapulae and clavicles severity of bleeding should not be based on systolic blood pressure Peptic ulcer disease abrasion of stomach or small intestine (pain or burn likely subsides immediately after eating.) mottling abnormal spot or colorings pallor unhealthy pale appearance Battle's sign bruising behind an ear, over the mastoid process that may indicate skull fracture formula to determine BP for children 1-10 70 + (2 * child age in years) = systolic BP endocrine system complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including hormone release thromboembolism a blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within bloodstream dissecting aneurysm inner layers of an artery, such as aorta, become separated allowing blood to flow at high pressure between the layers ventricular tachycardia rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle, which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest. atherosclerosis disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow. V-fib disorganized ineffective twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest. Acute Myocardial Infarction a heart attack, death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow. cardiac output ... autonomic nervous system part of nervous system that regulates involuntary functions, such as heart rate, BP, digestion and sweating cardiac arrest a state in which heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow, pulses are not palpable, even if muscular and electrical activity continues in heart. Acute coronary syndrome group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, includes angina and myocardial infarction dependent edema swelling in part of body closest to ground, caused by collection of fluid in tissues, possible sign of CHF Angina pectoris transient(short duration) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to heart. Cardiogenic Shock A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions. infarction death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply. air embolism presence of air in veins , can lead to cardiac arrest if reaches heart. asystole complete absence of any electrical activity, appearing as a straight or near straight line on ECG Syncope fainting spell arrhythmia abnormal or irregular heartbeat lumen inside diameter of artery or other hollow structure pleural effusion collection of fluid between lung and chest wall that may compress the lung Respiratory syncytial virus virus causes infection of lungs and breathing passages, highly infectious, spread through droplets and can affect lungs or heart. rhonchi coarse, low pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways. stridor high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration asthma acute spasm of smaller passages, bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages. rales a crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air space of lungs, aka crackles wheezing whistling sounds during expiration such as occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis bronchitis acute or chronic inflammation of lung that may cause lung tissue damage, usually associated with cough and production of sputum and sometimes fever. diptheria an infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx, this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx. atelectasis collapse of the alveolar air spaces in the lungs croup an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children. vesicular breath sounds normal sound of air in and out of alveoli pulmonary embolism blood clot that breaks off a large vein and travels to blood vessels of the lung, obstructing blood flow. tonic-clonic seizure a type of seizure that features rhythmic back and forth motion of an extremity or body stiffness. dysarthria slurred speech hemorrhagic stroke 1 of 2 main types of stroke, occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain generalized seizure a seizure characterized by severe twitching of all of the body's muscle and may last several minutes or more: formerly known as a grand mal partial seizure seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain aphasia inability to understand and/or produce speech. hemiparesis weakness on one side of the body embolus a blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage. thrombosis a blood clot either in the arterial or venous system. Cerebrovascular accident an interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function: aka stroke cavitation a phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet's path. Arterial air embolism air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels. pulmonary blast injuries pulmonary trauma resulting from the short range exposure to the detonation of explosives coup-countercoup injury Dual impacting of the brain into the skull; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds. Revised Trauma score A scoring system used for patients with head trauma. hernia The protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening emesis vomiting diverticulitis Bulging out of intestinal rings in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls, creating abdominal discomfort. acute abdomen A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary. peritoneum The membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covering the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum). cholecystitis Inflammation of the gallbladder. peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum ileus Paralysis of the bowel, arising from any one of several causes; stops contractions that move material through the intestine. uremia Severe kidney failure resulting in the buildup of waste products within the blood. Eventually brain functions will be impaired. Cystitis Inflammation of the bladder. Peristalsis The wavelike contraction of smooth muscle by which the ureters or other tubular organs propel their contents. APGAR A scoring system for assessing the status of a newborn that assigns a number value to each of five areas of assessment. breech presentation A delivery in which the buttocks come out first. eclampsia Seizures (convulsions) resulting from severe hypertension in a pregnant woman. fundus dome-shaped top of uterus (also in stomach) multigravida woman who has had previous pregnancies lightening sensation felt when fetus positions itself for delivery endometrium inner lining of uterus abruptio placenta a premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus pregnancy-induced hypertension (aka preeclampsia) A condition of late pregnancy that involves headache, visual changes, and swelling of the hands and feet; also called pregnancy-induced hypertension. supine hypotensive syndrome Low blood pressure resulting from compression of the inferior vena cava by the weight of the pregnant uterus when the mother is supine. nuchal cord An umbilical cord that is wrapped around the infant's neck. vertex presentation A delivery in which the head comes out first. placenta previa A condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix. placenta The tissue attached to the uterine wall that nourishes the fetus through the umbilical cord. perineum area between vagina and anus bacterial vaginosis An overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina; characterized by itching, burning, or pain, and possibly a "fishy" smelling discharge. pelvic inflammatory disease An infection of the fallopian tubes and the surrounding tissues of the pelvis. urticaria Small spots of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives. commotio cordis A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person's heartbeat. resp. failure vs distress vs arrest ... epistaxis bleeding from the nose