Human Resource Management Open textbooks for Hong Kong

Human Resource Management Contents Chapter 1 The Role of Human Resources.....................................................................1 1.1 Human Resource Management Day to Day ...................................................................1 1.2 What Is Human Resources?...............................................................................................2 Learning Objectives .........................................................................................................2 1.2.1 What Is HRM?...........................................................................................................2 Human Resource Recall ..........................................................................................3 1.2.2 The Role of HRM .....................................................................................................3 1.2.3 Staffing......................................................................................................................3 1.2.4 Development of Workplace Policies .....................................................................3 1.2.5 Compensation and Benefits Administration........................................................4 1.2.6 Retention ..................................................................................................................4 1.2.7 Training and Development.....................................................................................5 1.2.8 Dealing with Laws Affecting Employment ............................................................5 1.2.9 Worker Protection ...................................................................................................6 1.2.10 Communication.....................................................................................................6 1.2.11 Awareness of External Factors ............................................................................7 Key Takeaways .........................................................................................................9 Exercises .................................................................................................................10 1.3 Skills Needed for HRM .....................................................................................................10 Learning Objectives .......................................................................................................10 Human Resource Recall ................................................................................................11 Key Takeaways ...............................................................................................................12 Exercises .........................................................................................................................13 1.4 Today’s HRM Challenges..................................................................................................13 Learning Objective .........................................................................................................13 1.4.1 Containing Costs....................................................................................................14 1.4.2 Technology .............................................................................................................16 How Would You Handle This? ..............................................................................17 1.4.3 The Economy .........................................................................................................18 1.4.4 The Changing and Diverse Workforce ................................................................18 Fortune 500 Focus .................................................................................................19 Human Resource Recall ........................................................................................20 1.4.5 Ethics.......................................................................................................................22 Key Takeaways .......................................................................................................23 Exercises .................................................................................................................24 1.5 Cases and Problems.........................................................................................................24 Chapter Summary ..........................................................................................................24 Chapter Case ..................................................................................................................25 Team Activities ...............................................................................................................26 Chapter 2 Developing and Implementing Strategic HRM Plans..............................27 2.1 The Value of Planning .....................................................................................................27 2.2 Strategic Planning.............................................................................................................28 Learning Objectives .......................................................................................................28 2.3 HRM vs. Personnel Management ...................................................................................30 HRM as a Strategic Component of the Business .......................................................31 Human Resource Recall ................................................................................................33 2.3.1 The Steps to Strategic Plan Creation...................................................................33 2.3.2 Conduct a Strategic Analysis ................................................................................34 2.3.3 Identify Strategic HR Issues..................................................................................37 2.3.4 Prioritize Issues and Actions ................................................................................39 2.3.5 Draw Up an HRM Plan ..........................................................................................39 Key Takeaways .......................................................................................................39 Exercises .................................................................................................................40 2.4 Writing the HRM Plan.......................................................................................................40 Learning Objective .........................................................................................................40 How Would You Handle This? ......................................................................................40 2.4.1 Determine Human Resource Needs ...................................................................42 2.4.2 Recruit.....................................................................................................................43 2.4.3 Select.......................................................................................................................43 2.4.4 Determine Compensation....................................................................................44 2.4.5 Develop Training ...................................................................................................45 2.4.6 Perform a Performance Appraisal ......................................................................45 Human Resource Recall ........................................................................................46 Key Takeaways .......................................................................................................46 Exercises .................................................................................................................47 2.5 Tips in HRM Planning .......................................................................................................47 Learning Objective .........................................................................................................47 Fortune 500 Focus .........................................................................................................47 2.5.1 Link HRM Strategic Plan to Company Plan ........................................................48 2.5.2 Monitor the Plan Constantly ................................................................................48 2.5.3 Measure It ..............................................................................................................49 Human Resource Recall ........................................................................................49 2.5.3.1 Sometimes Change Is Necessary ............................................................49 2.5.3.2 Be Aware of Legislative Changes..............................................................50 Key Takeaways ...............................................................................................50 Exercises .........................................................................................................50 2.6 Cases and Problems.........................................................................................................51 Chapter Summary ..........................................................................................................51 Chapter Case ..................................................................................................................52 Team Activities ...............................................................................................................52 Chapter 3 Diversity and Multiculturalism .................................................................53 3.1 Hiring Multicultural ..........................................................................................................53 3.2 Diversity and Multiculturalism ........................................................................................53 Learning Objectives .......................................................................................................53 3.2.1 Power and Privilege ..............................................................................................54 Human Resource Recall ........................................................................................55 Stereotypes and the Effect on Privilege ..............................................................55 3.2.2 Why Diversity and Multiculturalism?...................................................................56 Fortune 500 Focus .................................................................................................56 Key Takeaways .......................................................................................................58 Exercises .................................................................................................................58 3.3 Diversity Plans...................................................................................................................59 Learning Objectives .......................................................................................................59 3.3.1 Recruitment and Selection ...................................................................................60 3.3.2 Testing ....................................................................................................................61 3.3.3 Pay and Promotion ...............................................................................................61 3.3.4 Now What? .............................................................................................................62 Things to Consider When Creating a Multicultural And Diverse Work Environment ...........................................................................................................63 Human Resource Recall ........................................................................................65 How Would You Handle This? ..............................................................................65 Key Takeaways .......................................................................................................65 Exercises .................................................................................................................66 3.4 Multiculturalism and the Law .........................................................................................66 Learning Objectives .......................................................................................................66 3.4.1 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) ......................................66 3.4.2 EEOC Federal Legislation......................................................................................68 3.4.3 Age ..........................................................................................................................69 3.4.4 Disability .................................................................................................................69 3.4.5 Equal Pay/Compensation ....................................................................................70 3.4.6 Genetic Information..............................................................................................70 3.4.7 National Origin.......................................................................................................71 3.4.8 Pregnancy...............................................................................................................71 3.4.9 Race/Color .............................................................................................................72 3.4.10 Religion ................................................................................................................72 3.4.11 Sex and Sexual Harassment ..............................................................................73 3.4.12 Retaliation ............................................................................................................73 3.4.13 Military Service ....................................................................................................74 Human Resource Call ............................................................................................74 Key Takeaways .......................................................................................................74 Exercises .................................................................................................................75 3.5 Cases and Problems.........................................................................................................75 Chapter Summary ..........................................................................................................75 Chapter Case ..................................................................................................................77 Team Activity ..................................................................................................................77 Chapter 4 Recruitment.................................................................................................78 4.1 Keeping Up with Growth .................................................................................................78 4.2 The Recruitment Process.................................................................................................79 Learning Objectives .......................................................................................................79 4.2.1 Recruitment Strategy ............................................................................................80 4.2.2 Job Analysis and Job Descriptions .......................................................................81 Tips to Writing a Good Job Description ...............................................................87 Human Resource Call ............................................................................................87 Key Takeaways .......................................................................................................87 Title ..........................................................................................................................88 4.3 The Law and Recruitment................................................................................................88 Learning Objectives .......................................................................................................88 4.3.1 Immigration Reform and Control Act .................................................................88 4.3.2 Patriot Act...............................................................................................................90 How Would You Handle This? ..............................................................................90 4.3.3 EEO Set of Laws .....................................................................................................91 Human Resource Recall ........................................................................................93 Key Takeaways .......................................................................................................93 Exercises .................................................................................................................94 4.4 Recruitment Strategies ....................................................................................................94 Learning Objective .........................................................................................................94 4.4.1 Recruiters ...............................................................................................................95 Fortune 500 Focus .................................................................................................95 4.4.2 Campus Recruiting ................................................................................................96 4.4.3 Professional Associations.....................................................................................96 Human Resource Recall ........................................................................................98 4.4.4 Websites .................................................................................................................98 4.4.5 Social Media ...........................................................................................................99 4.4.6 Events .................................................................................................................. 100 4.4.7 Special/Specific Interest Groups (SIGs) ............................................................ 100 4.4.8 Referrals .............................................................................................................. 100 4.4.9 Costs of Recruitment ......................................................................................... 105 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 105 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 106 4.5 Cases and Problems...................................................................................................... 107 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 107 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 109 Team Activity ............................................................................................................... 110 Chapter 5 Selection.....................................................................................................112 5.1 The Interview ................................................................................................................. 112 5.2 The Selection Process ................................................................................................... 112 Learning Objective ...................................................................................................... 112 Fortune 500 Focus ...................................................................................................... 116 Human Resource Recall ............................................................................................. 116 Key Takeaways ............................................................................................................ 116 Exercise ........................................................................................................................ 117 5.3 Criteria Development and Résumé Review................................................................ 117 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 117 5.3.1 Criteria Development Considerations ............................................................. 117 5.3.2 Validity and Reliablity......................................................................................... 118 5.3.3 Fit Issues .............................................................................................................. 119 5.3.4 Reviewing Résumés............................................................................................ 120 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 123 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 123 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 124 5.4 Interviewing.................................................................................................................... 124 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 124 5.4.1 Types of Interviews ............................................................................................ 124 5.4.2 Interview Questions ........................................................................................... 126 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 128 5.4.3 Interview Process ............................................................................................... 128 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 130 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 130 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 131 5.5 Testing and Selecting .................................................................................................... 131 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 131 5.5.1 Testing ................................................................................................................. 131 5.5.2 Selection Methods.............................................................................................. 135 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 137 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 138 5.6 Making the Offer............................................................................................................ 138 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 138 Key Takeaways ............................................................................................................ 140 Exercise ........................................................................................................................ 141 5.7 Cases and Problems...................................................................................................... 141 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 141 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 143 Team Activity ............................................................................................................... 145 Chapter 6 Compensation and Benefits ....................................................................146 6.1 Matching Compensation with Core Values ............................................................... 146 6.2 Goals of a Compensation Plan..................................................................................... 146 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 146 Human Resource Recall ............................................................................................. 148 Key Takeaways ............................................................................................................ 148 Exercise ........................................................................................................................ 148 6.3 Developing a Compensation Package......................................................................... 149 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 149 6.3.1 Internal and External Pay Factors .................................................................... 150 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 152 Exercise ................................................................................................................ 152 6.4 Types of Pay Systems.................................................................................................... 153 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 153 6.4.1 Job Evaluation Systems...................................................................................... 153 6.4.2 Pay Systems ........................................................................................................ 163 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 165 6.4.3 Pay Theories........................................................................................................ 165 6.4.4 Pay Decision Considerations............................................................................. 167 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 167 6.4.5 Types of Pay ........................................................................................................ 169 6.4.6 Laws Relating to Pay .......................................................................................... 170 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 171 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 172 6.5 Other Types of Compensation..................................................................................... 172 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 172 6.5.1 Mandated: Social Security and Medicare ....................................................... 173 6.5.2 Mandated: Unemployment Insurance and Workers’ Compensation ......... 173 6.5.3 Mandated: COBRA ............................................................................................. 173 6.5.4 Voluntary: Incentive Pay Systems..................................................................... 174 Fortune 500 Focus .............................................................................................. 175 6.5.5 Voluntary: Medical Insurance ........................................................................... 176 6.5.6 Voluntary: 401(k) Plans ...................................................................................... 180 6.5.7 Voluntary: Paid Time Off ................................................................................... 181 6.5.8 Paid Holidays ...................................................................................................... 181 6.5.9 Sick Leave ............................................................................................................ 182 6.5.10 Paid Vacation .................................................................................................... 182 6.5.11 Paid Time Off (PTO) ......................................................................................... 182 6.5.12 A Final Note on Compensation and Benefits Strategy ................................ 182 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 183 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 184 6.6 Cases and Problems...................................................................................................... 184 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 184 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 187 Team Activity ............................................................................................................... 187 Chapter 7 Retention and Motivation........................................................................189 7.1 Dissatisfaction Isn’t Always about Pay ....................................................................... 189 7.2 The Costs of Turnover................................................................................................... 190 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 190 7.2.1 Reasons for Voluntary Turnover ...................................................................... 192 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 194 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 194 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 195 7.3 Retention Plans.............................................................................................................. 195 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 195 7.3.1 Theories on Job Dissatisfaction ....................................................................... 196 7.3.2 Progression of Job Withdrawal ......................................................................... 196 7.3.3 Hawthorne Studies............................................................................................. 198 7.3.4 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs............................................................................ 198 7.3.5 Herzberg Two-Factor Theory ............................................................................ 199 7.3.6 McGregor............................................................................................................. 200 Human Resources Recall ................................................................................... 200 7.3.7 Carrot and Stick .................................................................................................. 201 7.3.8 Sources of Employee Satisfaction Data ........................................................... 201 Sample Exit Interview Questions ...................................................................... 202 KEY TAKEAWAYS .................................................................................................. 206 EXERCISES ............................................................................................................ 207 7.4 Implementing Retention Strategies ............................................................................ 207 Learning Objective ...................................................................................................... 207 7.4.1 Salaries and Benefits ......................................................................................... 208 7.4.2 Training and Development................................................................................ 209 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 209 7.5 Performance Appraisals ............................................................................................... 209 Human Resource Recall ............................................................................................. 209 7.5.1 Succession Planning........................................................................................... 210 7.5.2 Flextime, Telecommuting, and Sabbaticals..................................................... 210 7.5.3 Management Training ....................................................................................... 211 7.5.4 Conflict Management and Fairness ................................................................. 211 Fortune 500 Focus .............................................................................................. 212 7.5.5 Job Design, Job Enlargement, and Empowerment ......................................... 213 7.5.6 Pay-for-Performance Strategies ....................................................................... 214 7.5.7 Work-Life Balance............................................................................................... 215 7.5.8 Other Retention Strategies ............................................................................... 216 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 217 Exercise ................................................................................................................ 218 7.6 Cases and Problems...................................................................................................... 218 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 218 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 221 Team Activity ............................................................................................................... 223 Chapter 8 Training and Development .....................................................................224 8.1 Training: Not Like It Used to Be ................................................................................... 224 8.2 Steps to Take in Training an Employee....................................................................... 225 Learning Objective ...................................................................................................... 225 8.2.1 Employee Orientation........................................................................................ 226 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 227 8.2.2 In-House Training .............................................................................................. 227 8.2.3 Mentoring............................................................................................................ 228 8.2.4 External Training ................................................................................................ 229 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 229 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 230 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 230 8.3 Types of Training ........................................................................................................... 231 Learning Objective ...................................................................................................... 231 8.3.1 Technical or Technology Training .................................................................... 231 8.3.2 Quality Training .................................................................................................. 232 8.3.3 Skills Training ...................................................................................................... 232 8.3.4 Soft Skills Training .............................................................................................. 233 8.3.5 Professional Training and Legal Training ........................................................ 233 8.3.6 Team Training .................................................................................................... 234 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 234 8.3.7 Managerial Training ........................................................................................... 234 8.3.8 Safety Training .................................................................................................... 235 Starbucks Training Video ................................................................................... 235 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 235 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 236 8.4 Training Delivery Methods ........................................................................................... 236 Learning Objective ...................................................................................................... 236 8.4.1 On-the-Job Coaching Training Delivery ........................................................... 237 8.4.2 Mentoring and Coaching Training Delivery .................................................... 237 8.4.3 Brown Bag Lunch Training Delivery ................................................................ 237 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 238 8.4.4 Web-Based Training Delivery............................................................................ 238 8.4.5 Job Shadowing Training Delivery...................................................................... 239 Fortune 500 Focus .............................................................................................. 239 8.4.6 Job Swapping Training Delivery ....................................................................... 240 8.4.7 Vestibule Training Delivery................................................................................ 240 8.4.8 International Assignment Training................................................................... 241 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 241 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 242 8.5 Designing a Training Program ..................................................................................... 242 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 242 8.5.1 Training Program Framework Development .................................................. 243 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 244 8.5.2 Needs Assessment ............................................................................................ 244 8.5.3 Learning Objectives ........................................................................................... 245 8.5.4 Learning Styles.................................................................................................... 245 8.5.5 Delivery Mode..................................................................................................... 246 8.5.6 Budget ................................................................................................................. 248 8.5.7 Delivery Style ...................................................................................................... 248 8.5.8 Audience ............................................................................................................. 248 8.5.9 Content Development ...................................................................................... 249 8.5.10 Timelines .......................................................................................................... 249 8.5.11 Communication ............................................................................................... 250 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 250 8.5.12 Measuring Effectiveness.................................................................................. 250 8.5.13 Career Development Programs and Succession Planning.......................... 253 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 256 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 257 8.6 Cases and Problems...................................................................................................... 258 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 258 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 259 Team Activity ............................................................................................................... 262 Chapter 9 Successful Employee Communication ...................................................263 9.1 The Biggest Challenge .................................................................................................. 263 9.2 Communication Strategies ........................................................................................... 264 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 264 9.2.1 Communication and Emotional Intelligence (EI) ............................................ 264 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 265 9.2.2 Communication Directions ............................................................................... 265 9.2.3 Communication Styles ....................................................................................... 268 9.2.4 Nonverbal Communication............................................................................... 272 Strategic HR Communication Style in Organizations ..................................... 273 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 273 9.2.5 Listening .............................................................................................................. 274 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 276 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 277 9.3 Management Styles....................................................................................................... 277 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 277 FORTUNE 500 FOCUS ................................................................................................. 278 9.3.1 Task Style versus People-Centered Style ........................................................ 278 9.3.2 Participatory, Directing, or Teamwork Styles.................................................. 279 9.3.3 Autocratic, Participative, and Free-Reign Styles ............................................. 280 9.3.4 Path Goal Model for Leadership....................................................................... 280 9.3.5 Applying Management Styles............................................................................ 281 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 283 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 284 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 284 9.4 Cases and Problems...................................................................................................... 285 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 285 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 286 Team Activity ............................................................................................................... 287 Chapter 10 Managing Employee Performance .......................................................288 10.1 A Dilemma ................................................................................................................... 288 10.2 Handling Performance................................................................................................ 289 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 289 10.2.1 Types of Performance Issues.......................................................................... 289 Fortune 500 Focus .............................................................................................. 291 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 292 10.2.2 What Influences Performance? ...................................................................... 292 10.2.3 Defining Discipline .......................................................................................... 293 10.2.4 The Role of the Performance Appraisal in Discipline .................................. 293 10.2.5 Performance Issue Model ............................................................................... 294 10.2.6 Investigation of Performance Issues ............................................................. 296 10.2.7 Options for Handling Performance Issues.................................................... 296 University of Iowa’s Progressive Discipline Process ....................................... 297 10.2.8 Alternative Dispute Resolution....................................................................... 300 10.2.9 Employee Separation....................................................................................... 301 10.2.10 Rightsizing and Layoffs.................................................................................. 302 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 303 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 304 10.3 Employee Rights .......................................................................................................... 305 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 305 10.3.1 Job Protection Rights ....................................................................................... 305 10.3.2 Privacy Rights.................................................................................................... 310 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 312 10.3.3 Labor Unions .................................................................................................... 312 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 314 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 315 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 316 10.4 Cases and Problems.................................................................................................... 316 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 316 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 318 Team Activities ............................................................................................................ 320 Chapter 11 Employee Assessment ...........................................................................321 11.1 A Tough Conversation ................................................................................................ 321 11.2 Performance Evaluation Systems.............................................................................. 322 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 322 11.2.1 Designing a Performance Appraisal System................................................. 322 11.2.2 Performance Appraisal System Errors .......................................................... 325 11.2.3 Performance Appraisal Legal Considerations .............................................. 326 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 329 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 329 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 330 11.3 Appraisal Methods ...................................................................................................... 331 Learning Objective ...................................................................................................... 331 11.3.1 Graphic Rating Scale ........................................................................................ 331 11.3.2 Essay Appraisal ................................................................................................ 332 11.3.3 Checklist Scale .................................................................................................. 332 11.3.4 Critical Incident Appraisals ............................................................................. 335 11.3.5 Work Standards Approach ............................................................................. 336 11.3.6 Ranking Methods ............................................................................................. 336 Fortune 500 Focus .............................................................................................. 337 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 338 11.3.7 Management by Objectives (MBO) ................................................................ 338 Setting MBOs with Employees .......................................................................... 339 11.3.8 Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) .................................................. 339 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 342 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 344 Exercise ................................................................................................................ 345 11.4 Completing and Conducting the Appraisal .............................................................. 345 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 345 11.4.1 Best Practices in Performance Appraisals .................................................... 346 11.4.2 Training Managers and Employees................................................................ 348 Employee Feedback ............................................................................................ 349 11.4.3 Organizing the Performance Appraisal Process........................................... 351 11.4.4 Performance Appraisal Interviews................................................................. 352 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 353 EXERCISES ............................................................................................................ 354 11.5 Cases and Problems.................................................................................................... 355 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 355 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 359 Team Activity ............................................................................................................... 360 Chapter 12 Working with Labor Unions ..................................................................362 12.1 Unhappy Employees Could Equal Unionization ..................................................... 362 12.2 The Nature of Unions.................................................................................................. 362 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 362 12.2.1 History and Organization of Unions .............................................................. 363 12.2.2 Current Union Challenges............................................................................... 365 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 365 12.2.3 Labor Union Laws ............................................................................................ 367 12.2.4 The Unionization Process................................................................................ 369 12.2.5 Strategies Companies Use to Avoid Unionization........................................ 370 FORTUNE 500 FOCUS ......................................................................................... 372 12.2.6 The Impact of Unions on Organizations........................................................ 373 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 373 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 375 12.3 Collective Bargaining................................................................................................... 375 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 375 12.3.1 The Process of Collective Bargaining ............................................................. 375 Examples of Bargaining Topics ......................................................................... 377 12.3.2 Ramifications of a Bargaining Impasse ......................................................... 378 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 379 12.3.3 Working with Labor Unions ............................................................................ 380 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 380 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 381 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 382 12.4 Administration of the Collective Bargaining Agreement ........................................ 382 Learning Objective ................................................................................................. 382 12.4.1 Procedures for Grievances.............................................................................. 382 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 385 Exercise ................................................................................................................ 385 12.5 Cases and Problems.................................................................................................... 386 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 386 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 388 TEAM ACTIVITY ............................................................................................................ 389 Chapter 13 Safety and Health at Work ....................................................................390 13.1 Training for Safety ...................................................................................................... 390 13.2 Workplace Safety and Health Laws ........................................................................... 391 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 391 13.2.1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Laws................... 391 13.2.2 What Is OSHA About?....................................................................................... 391 The Most Frequently Violated and Cited OSHA Standards ............................ 393 13.2.3 Right-to-Know Laws ......................................................................................... 394 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 394 13.2.4 OSHA Enforcement .......................................................................................... 395 Fortune 500 Focus .............................................................................................. 397 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 398 EXERCISES ............................................................................................................ 399 13.3 Health Hazards at Work.............................................................................................. 399 Learning Objective ...................................................................................................... 399 13.3.1 Stress ................................................................................................................. 399 Stress Management ............................................................................................ 400 Being a Student Can Be Stressful ..................................................................... 402 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 403 13.3.2 Cumulative Trauma Disorders........................................................................ 403 How Would You Handle This? ........................................................................... 405 13.3.3 Video Display Terminals (VDTs) ...................................................................... 405 13.3.4 Chemical and Fragrance Sensitivities ............................................................ 405 13.3.5 Chemicals and Substances ............................................................................. 407 Benefits to a Smoke-Free Work Environment and Sample Policy ................ 408 13.3.6 Workplace Violence and Bullying ................................................................... 409 Workplace Violence ............................................................................................ 410 13.3.7 Employee Privacy ............................................................................................. 412 13.3.8 Terrorism........................................................................................................... 413 13.3.9 Promoting a Culture of Safety and Health .................................................... 413 Example of Health and Safety Policy ................................................................ 414 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 416 Exercises .............................................................................................................. 417 13.4 Cases and Problems.................................................................................................... 417 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 417 Chapter Case ............................................................................................................... 420 Team Activity ............................................................................................................... 420 Chapter 14 International HRM .................................................................................421 14.1 Things Weren’t What They Seemed ......................................................................... 421 14.2 Offshoring, Outsourcing............................................................................................. 422 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 422 14.2.1 The Global Enviornment.................................................................................. 422 14.2.2 HRM Global Strategies..................................................................................... 430 14.2.3 Culture as a Major Aspect of HRM Overseas ................................................ 431 Fortune 500 Focus .............................................................................................. 435 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 436 Key Takeaways .................................................................................................... 436 Exercise ................................................................................................................ 438 14.3 Staffing Internationally ............................................................................................... 438 Learning Objectives .................................................................................................... 438 14.3.1 Types of Staffing Strategy ............................................................................... 438 Human Resource Recall ..................................................................................... 440 14.3.2 Expatriates ........................................................................................................ 440 14.3.3 Host-Country National..................................................................................... 442 14.3.4 Third-Country Nationals.................................................................................. 443 Key Takeaways .............