Medical SLP - Praxis Practice Questions and Answers 2022-23

At about what age do infants begin to send intentional and purposeful messages via babbling and gesturing? a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 10 months d. 2 years old - Correct answer-c. 10 months intentional and purposeful switch from perlocutionary to illocutionary Tommy is 7 months old and recently began babbling. He produces chains such as "mama" and "dada". What type of babbling is Tommy demonstrating? a. Variegated babbling b. Reduplicated babbling c. Cooing d. None of the above - Correct answer-b. Reduplicated babbling CVCV syllable chains At about what age do typically developing children have about 200-300 words in their expressive vocabulary? a. 12 months b. 18 months c. 24 months d. 3 years old - Correct answer-c. 24 months By 3 months old, typically developing infants may consistently do which of the following: a. Follow 1-step directions b. Cry for basic needs c. Look when name is called d. Quiet in response to noise e. B and C f. B and D - Correct answer-F. B and D cry for basic needs and quiet/smile in response to sound Jen understands simple opposites and questions. Her mother reports that Jen is constantly asking "why?" Based upon typical development, what age is Jen closest to? a. 8 months old b. 12 months old c. 2 1/2 years old d. 4 years old - Correct answer-c. 2 1/2 years old 2 - 3 years old A 78 year old female is reporting loss of taste. Findings from her videofluoroscopy reveal age-related changes. Which of the following treatment would you recommend? a. Modified diet b. Oral motor exercises c. Pharyngeal strength exercises d. No speech therapy indicated - Correct answer-d. No speech therapy indicated Because age related changes, not dysphagia Contractible auxiliary is a later developing morpheme. which of the following sentences contains an example of contractible auxiliary? a. Daddy's jumping up and down b. It's hot in the summer c. Are you going? d. None of the above - Correct answer-b. Daddy's jumping up and down Daddy's Identify the number of morphemes in the following sentence: "It was undeniable that she was the happiest girl in her class" a. 16 b. 17 c. 14 d. 15 e. none of the above - Correct answer-d. 15 morphemes The smallest unit of language that can change meaning of words but does not have meaning on its own is known as: a. Morphology b. Syntax c. Phonology d. Semantics e. None of the above - Correct answer-a. Phonology phonemes alone do not have meaning Language is often classified into three components: form, content, and use. Which of the following is an example of language form? a. Syntax b. Pragmatics c. Morphology d. A and C e. All of the above - Correct answer-a. A and C phonology, morphology, and syntax are all part of language form Which language theory is supported by the following evidence: deaf babies babble, grammar rules are not directly taught, and children follow a sequence of developmental milestones a. Cognitive theory b. Nativist/Generative view c. Constructionist/Interactionist view d. Behavioral theory - Correct answer-b. Nativist/Generative view Chomsky Which of the following grammatical morphemes are acquired first in typically developing children? a. Present progressive -ing b. Possessive 's c. Regular plural -s d. A and C - Correct answer-d. A and C present progressive -ing acquired by 27-30 months, stage II Which language theory is based upon the belief that children learn language through conditioning? (i.e. stimulus-response drives acquisition) a. Semantic theory b. Behavioral theory c. Social interactionism d. Cognitive theory - Correct answer-b. Behavioral theory Skinner The mechanics of breathing are very important for speech. The diaphragm contracts and the thoracic cavity expands during which phase of respiration? a. Inhalation b. Exhalation c. Both d. Neither - Correct answer-a. Inhalation Alex's mom reports that Alex is making mistakes pronouncing some speech sounds. Particularly, she has noticed difficulty with words that begin with 'k, m, and g'. Alex is 5 years old. What would you recommend for Alex? a. A complete SLP evaluation b. Oral motor exercises c. Nothing, this normal for his age d. Language therapy - Correct answer-a. A complete SLP evaluation further testing warranted prior to treatment recommendation Identify the phoneme described based on the following distinctive features: +voice, +labiodental, +fricative a. /f/ b. /v/ c. /s/ d. A and B - Correct answer-b. /v/ Identify the phoneme described based on the following distinctive features: +voiceless, +alveolar, +stop a. /s/ b. /d/ c. /t/ d. None of the above e. All of the above - Correct answer-c. /t/ Which manner of articulation is made by complete vocal tract closure followed by a sudden release of constriction? a. Fricative b. Stop c. Affricate d. Liquid - Correct answer-b. Stop Which of the following vowels is characterized as a high front vowel in the english language? a. /u/ b. /o/ c. /i/ d. /e/ e. None of the above - Correct answer-c. /i/ In the word "make" the first vowel sound can be transcribed by which of the following diphthongs? a. /al/ b. /ei/ c. /au/ d. /ea/ e. None of the above - Correct answer-b. /ei/ When conducting a phonetic analysis, a clinician looks to identify sounds that the child ____________ a. Uses whether correct or incorrect b. Uses correct only c. Distorts d. None of the above - Correct answer-a. Uses whether correct or incorrect speech sounds used/not used and present/absent What does the letter "O" in SODA errors of articulation stand for? a. Ordinary errors b. Omission errors c. Occlusion errors d. Occasional errors e. None of the above - Correct answer-b. Omission errors SODA: substitution, omission, distortion, addition Amplitude is perceptually related to the intensity of a sound as frequency is related to the ________ of a sound. a. Pitch b. Period c. Elasticity d. Harmonic e. None of the above - Correct answer-a. Pitch The lowest pure tone component of a sound is also called the sound's ________ a. Harmonic b. Amplitude c. Fundamental frequency d. B and C e. None of the above f. A and B - Correct answer-c. fundamental frequency Which of the following treatment examples is based upon motor learning feedback? a. Multiple oppositions b. Minimal pairs c. Shaping from a sound already in the client's inventory d. Maximal oppositions - Correct answer-c. Shaping from a sound already in the client's inventory Based on ta phonetic approach of operant conditioning, which treatment activity can be used to expand an individual's underlying knowledge of sound system and features? a. Minimal pairs b. Multiple oppositions c. Phonetic placement d. Maximal oppositions - Correct answer-d. Maximal oppositions A child that exhibits consistent, few errors and has only one or two sounds missing from his or her inventory would benefit from which treatment approach? a. Phonetic treatment approach b. Phonemic treatment approach c. Either d. Neither - Correct answer-a. Phonetic treatment approach To innervate a muscle, the brain sends signals down via which motor neurons? a. Efferent neurons b. Afferent neurons c. Rostral neurons d. Dendrites - Correct answer-a. Efferent neurons (efferent= exit - down) -GET THE EFF OUT The cranial nerves are composed of 12 pairs of nerves and belong to the __________ nervous system? a. Central b. Autonomic c. Somatic d. Peripheral - Correct answer-d. Peripheral Sally recently suffered a stroke. Her balance and coordination present as if she is drunk. Based on these symptoms, which type of stroke did Sally most likely have? a. Brainstem stroke b. Left MCA c. Cerebellar stroke d. None of the above - Correct answer-c. Cerebellar stroke Which type of fiber connect regions of the cerebral cortex within each hemisphere? a. Projection fibers b. Association fibers c. Commissural fibers d. Seperation fibers e. All of the above - Correct answer-b. Association fibers Which cranial nerve innervates (unilaterally) all intrinsic muscles of the tongue and all but one extrinsic muscle? a. CN XI b. CN IX c. CN XII d. CN V - Correct answer-c. CN XII Hypoglossal Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal) is a motor nerve, a sensory nerve, or both? a. Motor b. Sensory c. Neither d. Both motor and sensory e. It varies person to person - Correct answer-d. Both motor and sensory Which cranial nerve controls movement of certain neck muscles and innervates the Sternoclidomastoid muscle? a. Vagus nerve b. Accessory nerve c. Facial nerve d. Trigeminal nerve e. A and B - Correct answer-b. Accessory nerve (XI) Which cranial nerve is characterized as both motor and sensory and is responsible for the sensation of food residuals in the larynx, pharynx, and/or esophagus? a. Accessory nerve b. Vagus nerve c. Flossopharyngeal nerve d. Facial nerve - Correct answer-b. Vagus nerve Which organ at the top of the neck is responsible for breathing, sound production, and aspiration prevention? a. Thyroid gland b. Parathyroid gland c. Larynx d. Pharynx e. None of the above - Correct answer-c. Larynx Which intrinsic muscle of the larynx is the only abductor muscle of the vocal folds? a. Lateral cricoarytenoid b. Transverse arytenoid c. Oblique arytenoid d. Posterior cricoarytenoid e. Non of the above - Correct answer-d. Posterior cricoarytenoid According to the Bernoulli effect, constriction of the glottis increases airflow speed which in-turn decreases what? a. Velocity b. Pressure c. Tone d. Flow e. None of the above - Correct answer-b. Pressure Which of the following is a technique used in between-subject research design methods where each subject has an equal probability of being assigned either to an experimental or to a control group? a. Subject matching b. Subject randomization c. Sequence randomization d. Counterbalancing - Correct answer-b. Subject randomization Which sampling procedure is first divided into attribute categories before randomly choosing participants?