Summary Engelse grammatica, (werk-)woordsoorten

E-Learning Engelse grammatica


Inhoudsopgave
Les 1, Present Tenses..................................................................................................................................... 1

Les 2, Past Tenses.......................................................................................................................................... 3

Les 3, Future Tenses....................................................................................................................................... 8

Les 4, Comparatives and Superlatives........................................................................................................... 11

Les 5, Reported Speech................................................................................................................................ 12

Les 6, Conditionals....................................................................................................................................... 15

Les 7, Articles............................................................................................................................................... 16

Les 8, Relative Clauses.................................................................................................................................. 18

Les 9, Modals............................................................................................................................................... 19

Les 10, Ing-forms and infinitives................................................................................................................... 21

Les 11, Determiners..................................................................................................................................... 22

Les 12, Passives............................................................................................................................................ 25




Les 1, Present Tenses
When do we use the present simple?

1

,To talk about a:
 Fact
 Habit
 Things that happen regularly (schedules/routines)
 Feelings

Example:
 Elaine works in an office. (fact/always works in an office)
 My father washes his car once a month. (habit)
 He feels good. (feeling)
 The train leaves at 11.00 am. (schedule)


How do you form the present simple?
You use the bare infinitive (without the to)

I work Do I work? I do not work
You work Do you work? You do not work
He/she/it works Does he/she/it work? He/she/it does not work
We work Do we work? We do not work
They work Do they work? They do not work


Exceptions to the rule in the third person
Verbs ending in consonant + y cry – cries
Change y to i and add -es hurry – hurries
reply – replies

Verbs ending in -s, -z, -ch, -sh or -x miss – misses
Add -es to infinitive watch – watches
push – pushes

Exceptions have – has
go – goes
do – does


Words that will help you recognize the present simple
Normally – usually – everyday – often – always – never – sometimes – frequently

Examples:
 I go to school every day.
 We often play tennis.
 I never do my homework.


The verb to be in the present tense
How do we form the verb to be?

I am Am I? I am not
You are Are you? You are not
He/she/it is Is he/she/it? He/she/it is not

2

, We are Are we? We are not
They are Are they? They are not


When do we use the present continuous?
To talk about
 Activities taking place at or around the time of speaking
 Temporary or changing situations
 Future arrangements and plans

Examples:
 I am making a drink.
 Why are you laughing?
 He is reading the paper.


How to form the present continuous?
Subject + verb to be + verb + ing

I am working Am I working? I am not working
You are working Are you working? You are not working
He/she/it is working Is he/she/it working? He/she/it is not working
We are working Are we working? We are not working
They are working Are they working? They are not working


The present continuous is often used with time phrases such as:
Now – at the moment – currently – this year/month/week




Les 2, Past Tenses
When do we use the past simple?
To talk about events/actions that started in the past and is finished in the past.
 An action that lasts a while

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