Medical Surgical Exam 3| 189 QUESTIONS| 46 PAGES| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Hyperthyroidism Correct Answer: caused by excessive delivery of TH to the tissues this hormonal excess increases the metabolic rate and heightens the sympathetic nervous system's response to stimulation -this increases cardiac rate and stroke volume, which results in increased cardiac output results from: autoimmune stimulation (Grave's disease) excess secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone TSH by the pituitary gland thyroiditis neoplasms medications most common: Grave's and touches multi nodular goiter person with hyperthyroidism has an increased appetite and may gain weight , although weight loss is more typical manifestations related to hyper metabolism: emotional lability, heat intolerance, insomnia, palpitations, and increased sweating the skin is smooth and warm, hair may become fine, and hair loss in the scalp, eyebrows, axilla, or pubic region is common Grave's Disease Correct Answer: most common cause of hyperthyroidism autoimmune disorder -the cause is unknown, but there is a hereditary link occurs more often in women than men and occurs between the ages of 20 and 40 patients with Grave's have an enlarged thyroid gland and manifestations of hyperthyroidism -the goiter can result from excess TSH stimulation, abnormal growth-stimultating immunoglobulins, or substances that inhibit TH synthesis Proptosis- forward displacement of the eye Exopthalmos - forward protrusion of the eyeballs; usually bilateral, but can occur in just one characteristic unblinking stare the patient may experience blurred vision, diplopia, eye pain, lacrimation, and photophobia the inability to close the eyelids completely over the protruding eyeballs increases the risk of corneal dryness, irritation, infection, and ulceration treatment the treatment may stabilize the manifestations but generally does NOT reverse the changes in the eyes other manifestations: fatigue, difficulty