Chapter 7. The Skeleton (Check Your Understanding)
7.1 The skull consists of 8 cranial bones and 14
facial bones 7.2 The vertebral column is a fl exible, curved
support structure
1. What bones are the keystone bones of the
facial skeleton? 7. Besides the spinal curvatures, which
skeletal elements help to make the
2. What bone forms the bulk of the orbit floor, vertebral column flexible?
and what sense organ is found in the orbit
of a living person? 8. How can you distinguish a lumbar vertebra
from a thoracic vertebra?
3. For the skill below, name sutures (a) and
(b), and bones (c)-(f). 9. DRAW Draw a line the represents the
curved vertebral column. Label the two
curvatures that are concave posteriorly and
the two that are convex. Draw horizontal
lines that divide the vertebral column into
its five regions, label those regions, and
state the number of vertebrae in each
region.
7.3 The thoracic cage is the bony structure of
the chest
10. How does a true rib differ from a false rib?
11. What does the tubercle of a rib articulate
with?
4. APPLY Anne answered her mother’s
question by using her occipital condyles. 12. Besides the ribs and sternum, there is a
Was her answer a “yes” or a “no”? Explain. third group of bones making up the thoracic
cage. What is it?
5. WHAT IF Suppose you work in the coroner’s
office. The skeleton of a potential murder 13. APPLY After falling while snowboarding,
victim has arrived. It has a fractured hyoid Jennifer complained of pain on the right
bone. What is the likely cause of death? side of her chest that intensified when she
took a deep breath or coughed. The
6. MAKE CONNECTIONS You have learned emergency medical technician suspected a
about two different processes of bone broken rib. Describe the process the EMT
formation in the embryo (see Chapter 6). used to determine (by palpitation) the
Name the process that leads to formation of number of the rib that was injured.
most of the skull bones. Name the
embryonic connective tissue that is 7.4 Each pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle
converted to bone during this process. and a scapula
1
, 14. What two bones construct each pectoral
girdle? 23. In the hip bone below, name the three
regions labelled (a), (b) and (c). Name the
15. Where is the single point of attachment of opening indicated by (d) and the socket at
the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton? (e). What bone articulates with this socket?
16. What is the major shortcoming of the
flexibility allowed by the shoulder joint?
17. Name each of the structures (a)-(e) in the
figure below. State the anatomical name for
the type of rib indicated by (e).
24. WHAT IF What if you, as a forensic
pathologist, were asked to identify the sex
of a badly decomposed body? How can the
hip bones help you in this regard?
7.7 The lower limb consists of the thigh, leg,
7.5 The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, and foot
and hand
25. What lower limb bone is the second largest
18. Which bones play the major role in forming bone in the body?
the elbow joint?
26. The figure below shows the posterior
19. Which bones of the upper limb have a aspects of two bones. Name the bones. Are
styloid process? they from the right or left side of the body?
Name the structures labelled (a)-(c).
20. MAKE CONNECTIONS Where are carpals
found and how would you classify them
based on their shape? (Hint: See Chapter 6)
7.6 The hip bones att ach to the sacrum, forming
the pelvic girdle
21. The ilium and pubis help to form the hip
bone. What other bone is involved in
forming the hip bone?
22. The pelvic girdle is a heavy, strong girdle.
How does its structure reflect its function.
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7.1 The skull consists of 8 cranial bones and 14
facial bones 7.2 The vertebral column is a fl exible, curved
support structure
1. What bones are the keystone bones of the
facial skeleton? 7. Besides the spinal curvatures, which
skeletal elements help to make the
2. What bone forms the bulk of the orbit floor, vertebral column flexible?
and what sense organ is found in the orbit
of a living person? 8. How can you distinguish a lumbar vertebra
from a thoracic vertebra?
3. For the skill below, name sutures (a) and
(b), and bones (c)-(f). 9. DRAW Draw a line the represents the
curved vertebral column. Label the two
curvatures that are concave posteriorly and
the two that are convex. Draw horizontal
lines that divide the vertebral column into
its five regions, label those regions, and
state the number of vertebrae in each
region.
7.3 The thoracic cage is the bony structure of
the chest
10. How does a true rib differ from a false rib?
11. What does the tubercle of a rib articulate
with?
4. APPLY Anne answered her mother’s
question by using her occipital condyles. 12. Besides the ribs and sternum, there is a
Was her answer a “yes” or a “no”? Explain. third group of bones making up the thoracic
cage. What is it?
5. WHAT IF Suppose you work in the coroner’s
office. The skeleton of a potential murder 13. APPLY After falling while snowboarding,
victim has arrived. It has a fractured hyoid Jennifer complained of pain on the right
bone. What is the likely cause of death? side of her chest that intensified when she
took a deep breath or coughed. The
6. MAKE CONNECTIONS You have learned emergency medical technician suspected a
about two different processes of bone broken rib. Describe the process the EMT
formation in the embryo (see Chapter 6). used to determine (by palpitation) the
Name the process that leads to formation of number of the rib that was injured.
most of the skull bones. Name the
embryonic connective tissue that is 7.4 Each pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle
converted to bone during this process. and a scapula
1
, 14. What two bones construct each pectoral
girdle? 23. In the hip bone below, name the three
regions labelled (a), (b) and (c). Name the
15. Where is the single point of attachment of opening indicated by (d) and the socket at
the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton? (e). What bone articulates with this socket?
16. What is the major shortcoming of the
flexibility allowed by the shoulder joint?
17. Name each of the structures (a)-(e) in the
figure below. State the anatomical name for
the type of rib indicated by (e).
24. WHAT IF What if you, as a forensic
pathologist, were asked to identify the sex
of a badly decomposed body? How can the
hip bones help you in this regard?
7.7 The lower limb consists of the thigh, leg,
7.5 The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, and foot
and hand
25. What lower limb bone is the second largest
18. Which bones play the major role in forming bone in the body?
the elbow joint?
26. The figure below shows the posterior
19. Which bones of the upper limb have a aspects of two bones. Name the bones. Are
styloid process? they from the right or left side of the body?
Name the structures labelled (a)-(c).
20. MAKE CONNECTIONS Where are carpals
found and how would you classify them
based on their shape? (Hint: See Chapter 6)
7.6 The hip bones att ach to the sacrum, forming
the pelvic girdle
21. The ilium and pubis help to form the hip
bone. What other bone is involved in
forming the hip bone?
22. The pelvic girdle is a heavy, strong girdle.
How does its structure reflect its function.
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