BIOD 151 A&P 1 Module 1 Exam portage learning Updated

BIOD 151/A&P 1 Module 1 Exam portage learning Updated BIOD 151/A&P 1 Module 1 Exam portage learning Updated What is the study of the structure of the human body? Anatomy Physiology Anabolism Catabolism Metabolism Epithelium is an example of what level of organization in the human body? Chemical Organ Cellular Tissue Organ system What is the breakdown of nutrients? Anatomy Physiology Anabolism Catabolism Metabolism List the four basic types of tissues. Your Answer: • Epithelium tissue • Muscle tissue • Connective tissue • Nervous tissue Epithelium, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue List the three layers of the skin in order from superficial to deep. The most superficial layer of the skin should be at the top of your list. To receive credit the layers must be in this order. Your Answer: • Epidermis (outer layer) • Dermis • Hypodermis 1. epidermis (outer layer) 2. dermis (middle layer) 3. hypodermis (inner, also called subcutaneous tissue layer) *MUST be in this order (top to bottom) to receive credit Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. Based upon your learning of metabolism, would this be considered an anabolic or catabolic hormone? Explain why. Your Answer: The breakdown of glycogen in the liver is catabolic reaction. Because catabolism is the part of the metabolism responsible for breaking complex molucules down into smaller molecules. So glucogon hormene is catabolic hormone. Catabolic because it is breaking down a larger substance into smaller parts (releasing energy in the process). What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the front of the body"? Superior Inferior Ventral Dorsal Medial What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the upper part of a structure"? Superior Inferior Ventral Dorsal Medial What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "away from the head end"? Your Answer: Inferior(caudal) Inferior Caudal What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "further from the origin of the body part"? Your Answer: Distal Distal You are looking at a diagram of a patient standing in anatomical position. On the sheet of paper containing the diagram, which thumb points to the right side of the paper, right or left? Your Answer: Left thump points to the right side. Left Is the spine part of the axial or appendicular region of the body? Your Answer: Axial Region. Axial A patient is standing with his hand covering his mouth. He returns his hand to his side, moving into anatomical position. What anatomical action term is best used to indicate the motion occurring at his elbow? Flexion Extension Elevation Depression Abduction What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "upward movement of a structure"? Flexion Extension Elevation Depression Abduction Describe the position of the diaphragm in relation to the thoracic cavity in anatomical position terms. Use a full sentence for your description. Your Answer: We can define The diaphragm is inferior to thoracic cavity. In other way to say the thoracic cavity is superior to diaphram. The diaphragm is inferior to the thoracic cavity. (OR) The thoracic cavity is superior to the diaphragm. Which anatomical action is occurring at the elbow joint, in the direction of the arrow? Your Answer: Flexion (elbow) (Elbow) Flexion Look at the figure below. The right femur is moved in the direction of the arrow. What anatomical action term best describes this movement? Your Answer: Abduction. Femur is moving from midline Abduction (The femur is moving away from midline) List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity. Your Answer: • Stomach • Intestines • liver The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver True or False: The dorsal body cavity contains the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, and the pelvic cavity. If your answer is false, rephrase the statement to make it a true statement. Your Answer: False : Dorsal cavity contains cranial and spinal cavities. Pelvic cavity is in the ventral cavity. False. The dorsal cavity contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. The body is divided into superior and inferior sections by what type of plane? Your Answer: Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane) Transverse plane horizontal plane A section that is diagonal between horizontal and vertical planes is called what? Your Answer: Oblique Oblique Look at the diagram below. What type of plane is shown? Your Answer: Frontal Plane (Coronal) Frontal Coronal Using the letters given, match the cell with the type of solution it has been placed in: A cell beginning to swell A red blood cell placed in ocean water A cell containing an equal amount of solute as the solution Using the letters given, match each molecule/item with its typical means of entering a cell. You may need to use some means of entry more than once. Lipid insoluble molecules Other cells Water Which one of the following is not true of active transport? Active transport occurs against the concentration gradient Carrier proteins move particles from greater concentration to lesser The sodium-potassium pump is an example additional energy is required to drive this process List the three organelles, in order, involved in the synthesis, transport and shipping of proteins. rough ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes ribosomes, rough ER, Golgi complex ribosomes, smooth ER, Golgi complex rough ER, Golgi complex, vacuole Label the 5 organelles listed below: 1: 2: 3: 7: 9: Your Answer: 1. Nucleus 2.Mitochondria 3.Nucleolus 7.Lysosome 9.Golgi Apparatus 1. Nucleus 2. Mitochondria 3. Nucleolus 7. Lysosome 9. Golgi Apparatus/ Golgi Complex True or False? a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F) b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F) c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F) e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) Your Answer: a.True b.True c.False d.False e.False a. True b. True c. False- (Peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane. Integral proteins span the entire length of the membrane.) d. False- (This process is called exocytosis) e. False- (This process is called receptor-mediated endocytosis or information transfer) Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? Your Answer: Organelle is Lysosomes,Also toxic lipids inside the cell. Disability, blindless, paralysis and death can be occur. Tay-Sachs disease a lipid-digesting enzyme is missing or inactive, and the brain becomes impaired by an accumulation of lipids in the cells. It is a rare disorder passed from parents to child. It's caused by the absence of an enzyme that helps break down fatty substances. In Tay-Sachs the lysosomes lack a functiniong hydrolytic enzyme normally present. (1) Lysosomes (2) buildup of toxic lipids inside the cell (biomacromolecules) (3) disability and death In the genetic disease known as Tay-Sachs, one of the normally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is lacking. Thus, a toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting buildup of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and death. Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why. Your Answer: Smaller cell is more active than bigger cell. Because relative to its volume, it's surface area is larger than a bigger cell. That is why its metabolic rate higher and its respiration more active than bigger cell. The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster. Quiz Score: 100 out of 100