Simple Summary of Chemistry 144 (The Ultimate Basics)

, Chemical Equilibrium :


[ products ] ? Ki
✗ =
k > Q K > I favoured ( lies to
Kc =
[ reactants ]
=
products the
right)
reverse = ¥ KL Q K < I =
reactants favoured ( lies to the left )




Le Chatelier 's

Product +
,
favours that direction


Product ,
favours
opposite direction




^

V ↓ P towards
moves more
gas molecules
.
,
,



V P
^


towards less
moves
gas molecules
r
,
,




Endo : added →
forward


Exo : added → reverse




kw = [ thot ] [ OH]
-14
= / ✗ 10




pH = -



log [not] pH < 7

P"
-




[ thot ] =
10
pH > 7



[ ionised ]

Percentage ionisation : [ original ] ✗ 100




Approximation : 100 Ka < [Alo ,
x is negligible



Buffers
[ base]

pH =
pKa +
log [ acid ]




0,
=
Ksp saturated


0,
>
Ksp supersaturated (precipitate )

Q <
Ksp unsaturated

, Organic chemistry
1- meth

2- eth


3- prop

4- but


5- pent

6- hex


7- kept

8 -
oct


9 -
non




Methyl -
Me


Ethyl -
Et




Propyl -
Pr
tert-butyl
t Butyl
isopropyl i Pr



_y~Y
-




isobutyl propyl


§
see
butyl isopropyl
-




sorryI
butyl -
Bu
[ connection point is at 2° C)

sbu
see -


butyl -


butyl
In -


butyl)
i Bu ↓
isobutyl -




normal

1- Bu
tert-butyl -




Phenyl - Ph




0 =
single
IT = double




f- ( =
valence electrons -
lone electrons -
bonds ( = is 2)




'
Spn bonds ( 1)
-



d n = is lone pairs
= +
,