Inleiding Psychologie
Vrije universiteit Amsterdam
, Inhoudsopgave
Hoorcollege 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Genen................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Evolutietheorie ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Mutatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Gedragsgenetica ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Erfelijkheid ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Genetische modificatie ................................................................................................................................ 6
Optogenetica................................................................................................................................................... 6
Hoorcollege 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Type neuronen ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Communicatie tussen neuronen: .............................................................................................................. 7
Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Indeling van het zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................... 8
De Hersenen.................................................................................................................................................... 9
Bestandsdelen hersenen ........................................................................................................................... 10
Hoorcollege 3 ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Bewustzijn ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
Global workspace model ........................................................................................................................... 12
After-the-fact-explanations ....................................................................................................................... 12
Aandacht ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Slaap ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
Drugs .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Hoorcollege 4 ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Sensatie (sensation) en perceptie (perception) ................................................................................... 15
Zintuigen ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
Zicht ................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Waarneming van diepte ............................................................................................................................. 18
Waarneming van grootte ........................................................................................................................... 19
Hoorcollege 5 ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Non-associatief leren .................................................................................................................................. 20
Associatief leren .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Principes conditionering ........................................................................................................................... 21
Vereiste conditionering .............................................................................................................................. 21
Operante of instrumentele conditionering ............................................................................................ 22
, Operante of instrumentele conditionering manieren ......................................................................... 22
Vereiste operante conditionering ............................................................................................................ 23
Observerend leren ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Hoorcollege 6 ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Geheugen ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
Coderen van geheugen .............................................................................................................................. 25
Opslag van geheugen ................................................................................................................................. 25
Ophalen van geheugen .............................................................................................................................. 26
Variatie in geheugen ................................................................................................................................... 26
Wanneer het geheugen faalt ..................................................................................................................... 26
Hoorcollege 7 ............................................................................................................................................ 28
Componenten van kennis.......................................................................................................................... 28
Keuzes maken .............................................................................................................................................. 28
Problemen oplossen ................................................................................................................................... 28
Taal .................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Afasie .............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Hoorcollege 8 ............................................................................................................................................ 30
Intelligentie .................................................................................................................................................... 30
De psychometrische benadering ............................................................................................................. 30
De intelligentie achter de IQ test.............................................................................................................. 31
Relatie tussen IQ en cognitieve prestaties: .......................................................................................... 31
De afkomst van intelligentie ..................................................................................................................... 31
Hoorcollege 9 ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Prenatale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................... 32
Fysieke en sensorisch motorische ontwikkeling ................................................................................ 32
Socio-emotionele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................ 32
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 33
De vier stadiums van ontwikkeling (Piaget) ......................................................................................... 33
Hoorcollege 10 .......................................................................................................................................... 35
Emoties .......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Motivatie ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Dual-center theorie van eten..................................................................................................................... 36
Hoorcollege 11 .......................................................................................................................................... 37
Sociale psychologie .................................................................................................................................... 37
Sociale invloed ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Groepsdynamiek .......................................................................................................................................... 37
, Overeenstemming (conformity) ............................................................................................................... 37
Naleving (compliance) ................................................................................................................................ 37
Gehoorzaamheid (obedience) .................................................................................................................. 38
Sociale cognitie ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Sociale relaties ............................................................................................................................................. 38
Hoorcollege 12 .......................................................................................................................................... 39
Persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Manieren om persoonlijkheid vast te stellen ........................................................................................ 39
Psychodynamische aanpak ...................................................................................................................... 39
Eigenschap aanpak ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Cognitieve-gedrag aanpak ........................................................................................................................ 40
Humanistische aanpak ............................................................................................................................... 41
Meten van persoonlijkheid ........................................................................................................................ 41
Hoorcollege 13 .......................................................................................................................................... 42
Psychische/mentale stoornissen ............................................................................................................ 42
De moderne visie op mentale stoornissen ........................................................................................... 42
Psychische stoornissen diagnosticeren ............................................................................................... 42
Soorten mentale stoornissen ................................................................................................................... 43
Hoorcollege 14 .......................................................................................................................................... 46
Psychotherapie ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Basis aanpak bij psychotherapie ............................................................................................................ 46
Eclectische aanpak ..................................................................................................................................... 47
Biologische therapie ................................................................................................................................... 47
Behandelingen voor stoornissen ............................................................................................................ 47
Evalueren van de behandelingen ............................................................................................................ 48
Vrije universiteit Amsterdam
, Inhoudsopgave
Hoorcollege 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Genen................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Evolutietheorie ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Mutatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Gedragsgenetica ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Erfelijkheid ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Genetische modificatie ................................................................................................................................ 6
Optogenetica................................................................................................................................................... 6
Hoorcollege 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Type neuronen ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Communicatie tussen neuronen: .............................................................................................................. 7
Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Indeling van het zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................... 8
De Hersenen.................................................................................................................................................... 9
Bestandsdelen hersenen ........................................................................................................................... 10
Hoorcollege 3 ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Bewustzijn ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
Global workspace model ........................................................................................................................... 12
After-the-fact-explanations ....................................................................................................................... 12
Aandacht ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Slaap ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
Drugs .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Hoorcollege 4 ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Sensatie (sensation) en perceptie (perception) ................................................................................... 15
Zintuigen ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
Zicht ................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Waarneming van diepte ............................................................................................................................. 18
Waarneming van grootte ........................................................................................................................... 19
Hoorcollege 5 ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Non-associatief leren .................................................................................................................................. 20
Associatief leren .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Principes conditionering ........................................................................................................................... 21
Vereiste conditionering .............................................................................................................................. 21
Operante of instrumentele conditionering ............................................................................................ 22
, Operante of instrumentele conditionering manieren ......................................................................... 22
Vereiste operante conditionering ............................................................................................................ 23
Observerend leren ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Hoorcollege 6 ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Geheugen ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
Coderen van geheugen .............................................................................................................................. 25
Opslag van geheugen ................................................................................................................................. 25
Ophalen van geheugen .............................................................................................................................. 26
Variatie in geheugen ................................................................................................................................... 26
Wanneer het geheugen faalt ..................................................................................................................... 26
Hoorcollege 7 ............................................................................................................................................ 28
Componenten van kennis.......................................................................................................................... 28
Keuzes maken .............................................................................................................................................. 28
Problemen oplossen ................................................................................................................................... 28
Taal .................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Afasie .............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Hoorcollege 8 ............................................................................................................................................ 30
Intelligentie .................................................................................................................................................... 30
De psychometrische benadering ............................................................................................................. 30
De intelligentie achter de IQ test.............................................................................................................. 31
Relatie tussen IQ en cognitieve prestaties: .......................................................................................... 31
De afkomst van intelligentie ..................................................................................................................... 31
Hoorcollege 9 ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Prenatale ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................... 32
Fysieke en sensorisch motorische ontwikkeling ................................................................................ 32
Socio-emotionele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................ 32
Cognitieve ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 33
De vier stadiums van ontwikkeling (Piaget) ......................................................................................... 33
Hoorcollege 10 .......................................................................................................................................... 35
Emoties .......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Motivatie ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Dual-center theorie van eten..................................................................................................................... 36
Hoorcollege 11 .......................................................................................................................................... 37
Sociale psychologie .................................................................................................................................... 37
Sociale invloed ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Groepsdynamiek .......................................................................................................................................... 37
, Overeenstemming (conformity) ............................................................................................................... 37
Naleving (compliance) ................................................................................................................................ 37
Gehoorzaamheid (obedience) .................................................................................................................. 38
Sociale cognitie ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Sociale relaties ............................................................................................................................................. 38
Hoorcollege 12 .......................................................................................................................................... 39
Persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Manieren om persoonlijkheid vast te stellen ........................................................................................ 39
Psychodynamische aanpak ...................................................................................................................... 39
Eigenschap aanpak ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Cognitieve-gedrag aanpak ........................................................................................................................ 40
Humanistische aanpak ............................................................................................................................... 41
Meten van persoonlijkheid ........................................................................................................................ 41
Hoorcollege 13 .......................................................................................................................................... 42
Psychische/mentale stoornissen ............................................................................................................ 42
De moderne visie op mentale stoornissen ........................................................................................... 42
Psychische stoornissen diagnosticeren ............................................................................................... 42
Soorten mentale stoornissen ................................................................................................................... 43
Hoorcollege 14 .......................................................................................................................................... 46
Psychotherapie ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Basis aanpak bij psychotherapie ............................................................................................................ 46
Eclectische aanpak ..................................................................................................................................... 47
Biologische therapie ................................................................................................................................... 47
Behandelingen voor stoornissen ............................................................................................................ 47
Evalueren van de behandelingen ............................................................................................................ 48
