Introduction Tourism | Eefje Godding
Introduction Tourism
Table of Contents
Tourism is … ................................................................................... 3
Tourism System.............................................................................. 5
Demand ............................................................................................ 5
Supply............................................................................................... 6
Tourist Flows .................................................................................... 6
Tourism Key Indicators ................................................................... 7
Buying Decision Process ................................................................... 7
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs ........................................................... 7
Plog’s Typology of Tourists ............................................................... 8
Types of Tourists @E.Cohen ............................................................. 8
Butler’s Destination Life Cycle .......................................................... 9
1
, Introduction Tourism | Eefje Godding
RevPAR ........................................................................................... 10
Kotler’s Product Levels ................................................................... 10
Tourism Trends ............................................................................ 11
Trends in Hospitality....................................................................... 12
Trends in Recreation ...................................................................... 12
Destinations ................................................................................. 13
Types of Destinations ..................................................................... 13
Jansen-Verbeke model ................................................................... 13
Impacts on a Destination ................................................................ 14
Developments in Destination Marketing ........................................ 14
Target Markets ............................................................................... 15
Organizations within Tourism ....................................................... 15
Difference Mass - and Specialized Tour Operators ......................... 16
Dis-intermediation ......................................................................... 16
Roles of Government in Tourism .................................................... 17
Aviation ....................................................................................... 18
Attractions ................................................................................... 19
Study Tip
Instead of learning the summary by heart, read it maybe twice.
Then make flashcards and study those !!
2
, Introduction Tourism | Eefje Godding
Tourism is …
… the world’s 3rd largest export category after chemicals and fuels
… the main income source for many (developing) countries
… one of the fastest growing economic sectors (currently 10% of global GDP)
… a key-driver for socio-economic progress; deepening diversification
… -like many other industries- still suffering from the Covid-19 pandemic
Tourism Recreation Hospitality
new destination; near distance; Emphasis on relationship with
overnight stay day trips; customer during their stay in the
often open air; accommodation / attraction
uses recreation
no overnight stay
is a part of tourism & recreation
Core Aspects of Tourism
Components: transport – accommodation – entertainment
Conditions: leisure time – money – information (distribution)
History of Tourism
Romans were the first to combine transport, accommodation and entertainment.
Mass tourism started with the rise of:
- Industrialization & urbanization
- Leisure time
- Earning more money than needed for daily expenses
- Facilities and communication
- Transport possibilities (WW2 planes)
First tour operator: Thomas Cook
1841: first to organize a trip (20km)
1851: first public travel agency
1855: first trips outside of England
1869: first trip outside of Europe
2019: bankrupt due to holding on to traditional ways
3
Introduction Tourism
Table of Contents
Tourism is … ................................................................................... 3
Tourism System.............................................................................. 5
Demand ............................................................................................ 5
Supply............................................................................................... 6
Tourist Flows .................................................................................... 6
Tourism Key Indicators ................................................................... 7
Buying Decision Process ................................................................... 7
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs ........................................................... 7
Plog’s Typology of Tourists ............................................................... 8
Types of Tourists @E.Cohen ............................................................. 8
Butler’s Destination Life Cycle .......................................................... 9
1
, Introduction Tourism | Eefje Godding
RevPAR ........................................................................................... 10
Kotler’s Product Levels ................................................................... 10
Tourism Trends ............................................................................ 11
Trends in Hospitality....................................................................... 12
Trends in Recreation ...................................................................... 12
Destinations ................................................................................. 13
Types of Destinations ..................................................................... 13
Jansen-Verbeke model ................................................................... 13
Impacts on a Destination ................................................................ 14
Developments in Destination Marketing ........................................ 14
Target Markets ............................................................................... 15
Organizations within Tourism ....................................................... 15
Difference Mass - and Specialized Tour Operators ......................... 16
Dis-intermediation ......................................................................... 16
Roles of Government in Tourism .................................................... 17
Aviation ....................................................................................... 18
Attractions ................................................................................... 19
Study Tip
Instead of learning the summary by heart, read it maybe twice.
Then make flashcards and study those !!
2
, Introduction Tourism | Eefje Godding
Tourism is …
… the world’s 3rd largest export category after chemicals and fuels
… the main income source for many (developing) countries
… one of the fastest growing economic sectors (currently 10% of global GDP)
… a key-driver for socio-economic progress; deepening diversification
… -like many other industries- still suffering from the Covid-19 pandemic
Tourism Recreation Hospitality
new destination; near distance; Emphasis on relationship with
overnight stay day trips; customer during their stay in the
often open air; accommodation / attraction
uses recreation
no overnight stay
is a part of tourism & recreation
Core Aspects of Tourism
Components: transport – accommodation – entertainment
Conditions: leisure time – money – information (distribution)
History of Tourism
Romans were the first to combine transport, accommodation and entertainment.
Mass tourism started with the rise of:
- Industrialization & urbanization
- Leisure time
- Earning more money than needed for daily expenses
- Facilities and communication
- Transport possibilities (WW2 planes)
First tour operator: Thomas Cook
1841: first to organize a trip (20km)
1851: first public travel agency
1855: first trips outside of England
1869: first trip outside of Europe
2019: bankrupt due to holding on to traditional ways
3
