HRM 6645 Midterm
PCN - Answer An EE who is working and temporarily residing in a foreign country
HCN - Answer An EE who is from the country in which a subsidiary is located and works
in their home country
TCN - Answer EE who are natives of a country other than the home country or the host
country
MNE - Answer Multinational Enterprise -firm that owns/ controls business activities in
more than 1 foreign country
SME - Answer Small and medium enterprises
Index of Transnationality - Answer in an average of ratios of foreign assets to total
assets; foreign sales to total sales; and foreign employment to total employment
Inpatriate - Answer employee who is transferred from a subsidiary to work in the
headquarters (parent-country) for a specified period of time
Multidomestic Industry - Answer one in which competition in each country is essentially
independent of competition in other countries
Organizational Culture - Answer the sense of common identity and purpose across a
whole organization
Tax Equalization - Answer firms withhold an amount equal to the home-country tax
obligation of the expatriate, and pay all taxes to the host country -pg5
Asymmetric Events - Answer Have been described as threats that our political,
strategic, and military cultures regard as unusual - pg16
Artifacts - Answer Are described as visible organization structures and processes -pg38
Communitarianism - Answer Cultural view; the rights of the group or society (puts the
group before the individual); opposite of individualism
Diffuse Culture - Answer characterized by a large private life that includes a relatively
large number of people; small public space that is difficult to enter(formal introductions
required); indirect communication; no clear distinction between work and private life
High Context Communication - Answer in high context cultures, a more indirect form of
expression is common, where the receiver must decipher the content of the message
from its context
, Particularism - Answer pays more attention to individual cases, deciding what is good
and correct depending on relationship and special friendship arrangements -pg36
Power Distance - Answer the degree to which members of a collective expect power to
be distributed equally
Spatial Distance - Answer Geographical distance between EE or locations
Uncertainty Avoidance - Answer includes the extent to which a society, organization, or
group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future
events
Agents of Socialization - Answer Assisting in transfer of values and beliefs; based on
assumptions that appropriate behavior will have been instilled in the local workforce
through training programs and hiring practices, and that the multinationals way of
operating has been accepted by the local staff in the manner intended. In this way, the
MNC's culture will operate as a subtle, informal control mechanism - a substitution of
direct supervision -pg48
Chaebols - Answer Korean conglomerates -pg69
Greenfield - Answer a type of venture where finances are employed to create a new
physical facility for a business in a location where no existing facilities are present -pg68
Heterarchy - Answer a structural form in which a MNC may have a number of different
kinds of centers apart from that traditionally referred to as "headquarters" -pg64
Institutionalism Perspective - Answer indicates that the institutional pressures may be
powerful influences on human resource practices -pg50
Integrated Player - Answer creates knowledge but at the same time is a recipient of
knowledge flows -pg54
Local Innovator - Answer subsidiaries engage in the creation of relevant country/region
specific knowledge in all key functional areas because they have complete local
responsibility -pg55
Local Responsiveness - Answer is to respect local cultural values, traditions, legislation,
or other institutional constraints such as government policy and or education systems
regarding HRM and work practices -pg52
Matrix Structure - Answer an organizational structure that facilitates the horizontal flow
of skills and information -pg62 Advantages: conflicts of interest brought into open, each
issue has executive champion, matches structure to decision making process, business
PCN - Answer An EE who is working and temporarily residing in a foreign country
HCN - Answer An EE who is from the country in which a subsidiary is located and works
in their home country
TCN - Answer EE who are natives of a country other than the home country or the host
country
MNE - Answer Multinational Enterprise -firm that owns/ controls business activities in
more than 1 foreign country
SME - Answer Small and medium enterprises
Index of Transnationality - Answer in an average of ratios of foreign assets to total
assets; foreign sales to total sales; and foreign employment to total employment
Inpatriate - Answer employee who is transferred from a subsidiary to work in the
headquarters (parent-country) for a specified period of time
Multidomestic Industry - Answer one in which competition in each country is essentially
independent of competition in other countries
Organizational Culture - Answer the sense of common identity and purpose across a
whole organization
Tax Equalization - Answer firms withhold an amount equal to the home-country tax
obligation of the expatriate, and pay all taxes to the host country -pg5
Asymmetric Events - Answer Have been described as threats that our political,
strategic, and military cultures regard as unusual - pg16
Artifacts - Answer Are described as visible organization structures and processes -pg38
Communitarianism - Answer Cultural view; the rights of the group or society (puts the
group before the individual); opposite of individualism
Diffuse Culture - Answer characterized by a large private life that includes a relatively
large number of people; small public space that is difficult to enter(formal introductions
required); indirect communication; no clear distinction between work and private life
High Context Communication - Answer in high context cultures, a more indirect form of
expression is common, where the receiver must decipher the content of the message
from its context
, Particularism - Answer pays more attention to individual cases, deciding what is good
and correct depending on relationship and special friendship arrangements -pg36
Power Distance - Answer the degree to which members of a collective expect power to
be distributed equally
Spatial Distance - Answer Geographical distance between EE or locations
Uncertainty Avoidance - Answer includes the extent to which a society, organization, or
group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future
events
Agents of Socialization - Answer Assisting in transfer of values and beliefs; based on
assumptions that appropriate behavior will have been instilled in the local workforce
through training programs and hiring practices, and that the multinationals way of
operating has been accepted by the local staff in the manner intended. In this way, the
MNC's culture will operate as a subtle, informal control mechanism - a substitution of
direct supervision -pg48
Chaebols - Answer Korean conglomerates -pg69
Greenfield - Answer a type of venture where finances are employed to create a new
physical facility for a business in a location where no existing facilities are present -pg68
Heterarchy - Answer a structural form in which a MNC may have a number of different
kinds of centers apart from that traditionally referred to as "headquarters" -pg64
Institutionalism Perspective - Answer indicates that the institutional pressures may be
powerful influences on human resource practices -pg50
Integrated Player - Answer creates knowledge but at the same time is a recipient of
knowledge flows -pg54
Local Innovator - Answer subsidiaries engage in the creation of relevant country/region
specific knowledge in all key functional areas because they have complete local
responsibility -pg55
Local Responsiveness - Answer is to respect local cultural values, traditions, legislation,
or other institutional constraints such as government policy and or education systems
regarding HRM and work practices -pg52
Matrix Structure - Answer an organizational structure that facilitates the horizontal flow
of skills and information -pg62 Advantages: conflicts of interest brought into open, each
issue has executive champion, matches structure to decision making process, business
