CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS
WHAT’S NEW TO THE 9TH EDITION?
An entirely new introductory section discussing current issues of race and ethnicity,
especially the real and symbolic importance of the election of a self-identified
African American as U.S. president.
Updated statistical data on all groups.
Updated citations and literature.
Bulleted summary section.
Critical thinking questions at the end of each chapter.
Updated key concepts.
Updated and enhanced tables and figures.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
The Global Nature of Ethnic Relations
Resurgent Ethnicity
Race and Ethnic Relations
Basic Questions
A Comparative Approach
,Ethnic Groups
Characteristics of Ethnic Groups
Unique Cultural Traits
Sense of Community
Ethnocentrism
Ascribed Membership
Territoriality
Ethnicity as a Variable
Group Variability
Individual Variability
Race
Race as a Biological Notion
Genetic Interchangeability
The Bases of Racial Classification
The Social Construction of Race
The Popular Belief in Race
The Arbitrary Boundaries of Race
Race and Ethnicity: A Synthesis
Racism
The Ideology of Racism
The Functions of Racism
The Development of Racism
European Colonialism
, “Scientific” Racism
Social Darwinism
“White Man’s Burden”
Early Twentieth Century Racist Thought
Boaz and the Beginning of Change
Race and Intelligence: Recent Controversies
Cultural Racism
Summary
Critical Thinking
KEY TERMS, CONCEPTS, AND NAMES
ascribed membership p. 10 multiethnic p. 17
biological racism p. 24 phenotype p. 13
colonialism p. 25 race p. 17
cultural racism p. 23 racial formation p. 16
ethnicity p. 24 racism p. 17
ethnic identity p. 9 resurgent ethnicity p. 4
ethnic group p. 9 scientific racism p. 20
ethnocentrism p. 9 self-fulfilling prophecy p. 15
genotype p. 13 social Darwinism p. 20
ideology p.17 territoriality p. 10
, White Man’s Burden p. 21
Lecture Ideas
1) Ask students to take out a piece of paper and list all of the races they can think of on
one side of the paper, and all of the ethnicities on the other. Then, ask students to
volunteer racial and ethnic categories. Write these on the board. Use their responses
to come up with definitions for the difference between race and ethnicity.
2) Using Audrey Smedley’s The Origin of the Idea of Race in North America, describe the
history of the idea of race: from Linnaeus’ description of the four races, to de
Gobineau’s treatise on race, up to the scientific racism of the 1920s and even the
1990s. Discuss with students how particular historical moments influenced the
ways that scholars thought about racial differences.
3) On campuses around the country, students have been throwing “ghetto-fabulous”
parties and playing “catch the illegal alien” games. Discuss with students a few of
these recent events, and engage in a discussion of why there is this resurgence of
racially motivated behavior on campuses nationwide.
4) Ask students to get into groups and to come up with examples of racism they have
experienced, witnessed, heard about, or seen on television. Ask students to
determine whether the racism they have noted is based on biological or cultural
racism.
Questions for Discussion
1) How might one argue that African-American is an ethnic category while black is a
racial category?
INTRODUCTION: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS
WHAT’S NEW TO THE 9TH EDITION?
An entirely new introductory section discussing current issues of race and ethnicity,
especially the real and symbolic importance of the election of a self-identified
African American as U.S. president.
Updated statistical data on all groups.
Updated citations and literature.
Bulleted summary section.
Critical thinking questions at the end of each chapter.
Updated key concepts.
Updated and enhanced tables and figures.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
The Global Nature of Ethnic Relations
Resurgent Ethnicity
Race and Ethnic Relations
Basic Questions
A Comparative Approach
,Ethnic Groups
Characteristics of Ethnic Groups
Unique Cultural Traits
Sense of Community
Ethnocentrism
Ascribed Membership
Territoriality
Ethnicity as a Variable
Group Variability
Individual Variability
Race
Race as a Biological Notion
Genetic Interchangeability
The Bases of Racial Classification
The Social Construction of Race
The Popular Belief in Race
The Arbitrary Boundaries of Race
Race and Ethnicity: A Synthesis
Racism
The Ideology of Racism
The Functions of Racism
The Development of Racism
European Colonialism
, “Scientific” Racism
Social Darwinism
“White Man’s Burden”
Early Twentieth Century Racist Thought
Boaz and the Beginning of Change
Race and Intelligence: Recent Controversies
Cultural Racism
Summary
Critical Thinking
KEY TERMS, CONCEPTS, AND NAMES
ascribed membership p. 10 multiethnic p. 17
biological racism p. 24 phenotype p. 13
colonialism p. 25 race p. 17
cultural racism p. 23 racial formation p. 16
ethnicity p. 24 racism p. 17
ethnic identity p. 9 resurgent ethnicity p. 4
ethnic group p. 9 scientific racism p. 20
ethnocentrism p. 9 self-fulfilling prophecy p. 15
genotype p. 13 social Darwinism p. 20
ideology p.17 territoriality p. 10
, White Man’s Burden p. 21
Lecture Ideas
1) Ask students to take out a piece of paper and list all of the races they can think of on
one side of the paper, and all of the ethnicities on the other. Then, ask students to
volunteer racial and ethnic categories. Write these on the board. Use their responses
to come up with definitions for the difference between race and ethnicity.
2) Using Audrey Smedley’s The Origin of the Idea of Race in North America, describe the
history of the idea of race: from Linnaeus’ description of the four races, to de
Gobineau’s treatise on race, up to the scientific racism of the 1920s and even the
1990s. Discuss with students how particular historical moments influenced the
ways that scholars thought about racial differences.
3) On campuses around the country, students have been throwing “ghetto-fabulous”
parties and playing “catch the illegal alien” games. Discuss with students a few of
these recent events, and engage in a discussion of why there is this resurgence of
racially motivated behavior on campuses nationwide.
4) Ask students to get into groups and to come up with examples of racism they have
experienced, witnessed, heard about, or seen on television. Ask students to
determine whether the racism they have noted is based on biological or cultural
racism.
Questions for Discussion
1) How might one argue that African-American is an ethnic category while black is a
racial category?
