Samenvatting 2022 Organisation & Environment
Inhoudsopgave
1) Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 6
Lecture Introduction.............................................................................................................................................6
Ch.1 The strategic management beast................................................................................................................7
Five Ps for strategy..........................................................................................................................................7
Having a strategy.............................................................................................................................................7
2) Design school............................................................................................................................................. 9
Lecture and Ch.2 The design school: strategy formation as a process of conception.........................................9
What is strategy...............................................................................................................................................9
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................10
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................10
Process...........................................................................................................................................................11
Strategist........................................................................................................................................................12
Organizational structure................................................................................................................................12
Criticism & limitations....................................................................................................................................12
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................13
3) Planning school........................................................................................................................................ 14
Lecture and Ch.3 The planning school: strategy formation as a formal process...............................................14
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................14
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................14
Process...........................................................................................................................................................15
Operational planning.....................................................................................................................................16
Managing the future......................................................................................................................................16
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................17
Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................18
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................18
4) Positioning school.................................................................................................................................... 19
Lecture and Ch.4 The positioning school: strategy formation as an analytical process....................................19
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................19
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................20
Process...........................................................................................................................................................21
Porter’s five forces.........................................................................................................................................21
Porter’s value chain.......................................................................................................................................22
Defending position........................................................................................................................................22
Game theory..................................................................................................................................................23
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................24
Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................24
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................24
5) Entrepreneurial school............................................................................................................................. 25
Lecture and Ch.5 The entrepreneurial school: strategy formation as a visionary process................................25
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................25
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................26
Process...........................................................................................................................................................27
Opportunities.................................................................................................................................................27
Leadership......................................................................................................................................................27
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................27
pag. 1
, Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................28
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................28
6) Cognitive school....................................................................................................................................... 29
Lecture and Ch.6 The cognitive school: strategy formation as a mental process..............................................29
Key concepts..................................................................................................................................................29
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................29
Objective wing...............................................................................................................................................30
Subjective wing..............................................................................................................................................31
The environment...........................................................................................................................................32
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................32
Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................32
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................33
7) Learning school........................................................................................................................................ 34
Lecture and Ch.7 The learning school: strategy formation as an emergent process.........................................34
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................34
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................35
Process...........................................................................................................................................................35
Key aspects....................................................................................................................................................35
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................37
Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................37
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................37
Baum & Dahlin, aspiration performance...........................................................................................................37
8) Power school........................................................................................................................................... 41
Lecture Power School.........................................................................................................................................41
Limitations & contributions...........................................................................................................................44
Ch.8 The power school: strategy formation as a process of negotiation..........................................................44
Micro power..................................................................................................................................................44
Upper echelons theory: strategic management at the top...........................................................................46
Macro power.................................................................................................................................................46
Premises and critique....................................................................................................................................49
V.d. Oever & Martin, fishing in troubled waters................................................................................................50
9) Cultural school......................................................................................................................................... 52
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................52
Definition of culture.......................................................................................................................................52
Premises.........................................................................................................................................................52
Impact of culture on decision-making...........................................................................................................53
Reciprocal relationship between strategic choices and culture....................................................................53
Strategic change............................................................................................................................................53
Circumvent culture........................................................................................................................................53
Strategic fit.....................................................................................................................................................54
Strategy-as-practice as ‘managerial anthropologist’.....................................................................................54
Culture as strategic resource.........................................................................................................................54
Paradox of culture.........................................................................................................................................55
Limitations & contributions...........................................................................................................................55
Bertels & Howard-Grenville, cultural molding...................................................................................................56
10) Environmental school............................................................................................................................. 59
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................59
Key uniqueness..............................................................................................................................................59
pag. 2
, Premises.........................................................................................................................................................59
Theories.........................................................................................................................................................60
1- Contingency theory...................................................................................................................................60
2- Population ecology....................................................................................................................................61
3- Institutional theory....................................................................................................................................62
Limitations & contributions...........................................................................................................................63
11) Configuration school.............................................................................................................................. 64
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................64
Key uniqueness..............................................................................................................................................64
Premises.........................................................................................................................................................64
Configurations of structure and power.........................................................................................................66
Stages in strategy formation..........................................................................................................................68
Configuration school versus the other schools.............................................................................................68
Lumping strategies.........................................................................................................................................69
Allison (1971).................................................................................................................................................69
Organizational eco-cycle model....................................................................................................................70
What can be changed in an organization......................................................................................................70
Limitations & contributions...........................................................................................................................71
12) Integrating the theories.......................................................................................................................... 72
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................72
Prescriptive schools.......................................................................................................................................72
Descriptive schools........................................................................................................................................72
Central actor..................................................................................................................................................72
How is strategy formed?................................................................................................................................72
How does the organization change...............................................................................................................73
What is most important for each school?.....................................................................................................73
What is the favored form of organization?...................................................................................................73
Are strategies complex or simple?................................................................................................................74
Are strategies a collection of components or tightly integrated?.................................................................74
Are strategies unique or generic...................................................................................................................74
Sequencing the schools.................................................................................................................................75
Simplification from the strategy views..........................................................................................................75
13) Dialogue lecture..................................................................................................................................... 76
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................76
Burgelman’s model of Internal Corporate Venturing (ICV)...........................................................................76
Is striving for a unique strategy more important than pursuing legitimacy?...............................................77
Is the cognitive school just a component of the learning school?................................................................78
Case: organizations that adjust their prices based on their competition.....................................................78
Case: local restaurants starting to deliver food............................................................................................79
Davis & DeWitt, organization theory and the RBV of the firm..........................................................................80
14) Q&A Lecture.......................................................................................................................................... 82
Design school......................................................................................................................................................82
Planning school..................................................................................................................................................82
Positioning school...............................................................................................................................................82
Entrepreneurial school.......................................................................................................................................83
Cognitive school.................................................................................................................................................83
Learning school..................................................................................................................................................84
Environmental school.........................................................................................................................................84
pag. 3
, Configuration school..........................................................................................................................................85
Meating the whole beast...................................................................................................................................85
Practice exam.............................................................................................................................................. 86
Questions............................................................................................................................................................86
Answers..............................................................................................................................................................89
Practice questions from lectures.................................................................................................................. 92
Questions............................................................................................................................................................92
Answers..............................................................................................................................................................99
pag. 4
Inhoudsopgave
1) Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 6
Lecture Introduction.............................................................................................................................................6
Ch.1 The strategic management beast................................................................................................................7
Five Ps for strategy..........................................................................................................................................7
Having a strategy.............................................................................................................................................7
2) Design school............................................................................................................................................. 9
Lecture and Ch.2 The design school: strategy formation as a process of conception.........................................9
What is strategy...............................................................................................................................................9
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................10
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................10
Process...........................................................................................................................................................11
Strategist........................................................................................................................................................12
Organizational structure................................................................................................................................12
Criticism & limitations....................................................................................................................................12
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................13
3) Planning school........................................................................................................................................ 14
Lecture and Ch.3 The planning school: strategy formation as a formal process...............................................14
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................14
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................14
Process...........................................................................................................................................................15
Operational planning.....................................................................................................................................16
Managing the future......................................................................................................................................16
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................17
Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................18
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................18
4) Positioning school.................................................................................................................................... 19
Lecture and Ch.4 The positioning school: strategy formation as an analytical process....................................19
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................19
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................20
Process...........................................................................................................................................................21
Porter’s five forces.........................................................................................................................................21
Porter’s value chain.......................................................................................................................................22
Defending position........................................................................................................................................22
Game theory..................................................................................................................................................23
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................24
Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................24
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................24
5) Entrepreneurial school............................................................................................................................. 25
Lecture and Ch.5 The entrepreneurial school: strategy formation as a visionary process................................25
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................25
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................26
Process...........................................................................................................................................................27
Opportunities.................................................................................................................................................27
Leadership......................................................................................................................................................27
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................27
pag. 1
, Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................28
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................28
6) Cognitive school....................................................................................................................................... 29
Lecture and Ch.6 The cognitive school: strategy formation as a mental process..............................................29
Key concepts..................................................................................................................................................29
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................29
Objective wing...............................................................................................................................................30
Subjective wing..............................................................................................................................................31
The environment...........................................................................................................................................32
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................32
Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................32
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................33
7) Learning school........................................................................................................................................ 34
Lecture and Ch.7 The learning school: strategy formation as an emergent process.........................................34
Origin.............................................................................................................................................................34
Characteristics & premises............................................................................................................................35
Process...........................................................................................................................................................35
Key aspects....................................................................................................................................................35
Summary assumptions..................................................................................................................................37
Criticism/limitations......................................................................................................................................37
Contributions.................................................................................................................................................37
Baum & Dahlin, aspiration performance...........................................................................................................37
8) Power school........................................................................................................................................... 41
Lecture Power School.........................................................................................................................................41
Limitations & contributions...........................................................................................................................44
Ch.8 The power school: strategy formation as a process of negotiation..........................................................44
Micro power..................................................................................................................................................44
Upper echelons theory: strategic management at the top...........................................................................46
Macro power.................................................................................................................................................46
Premises and critique....................................................................................................................................49
V.d. Oever & Martin, fishing in troubled waters................................................................................................50
9) Cultural school......................................................................................................................................... 52
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................52
Definition of culture.......................................................................................................................................52
Premises.........................................................................................................................................................52
Impact of culture on decision-making...........................................................................................................53
Reciprocal relationship between strategic choices and culture....................................................................53
Strategic change............................................................................................................................................53
Circumvent culture........................................................................................................................................53
Strategic fit.....................................................................................................................................................54
Strategy-as-practice as ‘managerial anthropologist’.....................................................................................54
Culture as strategic resource.........................................................................................................................54
Paradox of culture.........................................................................................................................................55
Limitations & contributions...........................................................................................................................55
Bertels & Howard-Grenville, cultural molding...................................................................................................56
10) Environmental school............................................................................................................................. 59
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................59
Key uniqueness..............................................................................................................................................59
pag. 2
, Premises.........................................................................................................................................................59
Theories.........................................................................................................................................................60
1- Contingency theory...................................................................................................................................60
2- Population ecology....................................................................................................................................61
3- Institutional theory....................................................................................................................................62
Limitations & contributions...........................................................................................................................63
11) Configuration school.............................................................................................................................. 64
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................64
Key uniqueness..............................................................................................................................................64
Premises.........................................................................................................................................................64
Configurations of structure and power.........................................................................................................66
Stages in strategy formation..........................................................................................................................68
Configuration school versus the other schools.............................................................................................68
Lumping strategies.........................................................................................................................................69
Allison (1971).................................................................................................................................................69
Organizational eco-cycle model....................................................................................................................70
What can be changed in an organization......................................................................................................70
Limitations & contributions...........................................................................................................................71
12) Integrating the theories.......................................................................................................................... 72
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................72
Prescriptive schools.......................................................................................................................................72
Descriptive schools........................................................................................................................................72
Central actor..................................................................................................................................................72
How is strategy formed?................................................................................................................................72
How does the organization change...............................................................................................................73
What is most important for each school?.....................................................................................................73
What is the favored form of organization?...................................................................................................73
Are strategies complex or simple?................................................................................................................74
Are strategies a collection of components or tightly integrated?.................................................................74
Are strategies unique or generic...................................................................................................................74
Sequencing the schools.................................................................................................................................75
Simplification from the strategy views..........................................................................................................75
13) Dialogue lecture..................................................................................................................................... 76
Lecture................................................................................................................................................................76
Burgelman’s model of Internal Corporate Venturing (ICV)...........................................................................76
Is striving for a unique strategy more important than pursuing legitimacy?...............................................77
Is the cognitive school just a component of the learning school?................................................................78
Case: organizations that adjust their prices based on their competition.....................................................78
Case: local restaurants starting to deliver food............................................................................................79
Davis & DeWitt, organization theory and the RBV of the firm..........................................................................80
14) Q&A Lecture.......................................................................................................................................... 82
Design school......................................................................................................................................................82
Planning school..................................................................................................................................................82
Positioning school...............................................................................................................................................82
Entrepreneurial school.......................................................................................................................................83
Cognitive school.................................................................................................................................................83
Learning school..................................................................................................................................................84
Environmental school.........................................................................................................................................84
pag. 3
, Configuration school..........................................................................................................................................85
Meating the whole beast...................................................................................................................................85
Practice exam.............................................................................................................................................. 86
Questions............................................................................................................................................................86
Answers..............................................................................................................................................................89
Practice questions from lectures.................................................................................................................. 92
Questions............................................................................................................................................................92
Answers..............................................................................................................................................................99
pag. 4
