Inhoud
Week 1: stoffen in het bloed .................................................................................................................. 5
Bloedplasma samenstelling ................................................................................................................ 5
Anorganische chemie .......................................................................................................................... 5
Organische chemie.............................................................................................................................. 5
Koolwaterstoffen ................................................................................................................................ 6
Het proces van koppelen van monomeren tot polymeren en splitsen van polymeren tot
monomeren ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Koolhydraten als keten of als ring .............................................................................................. 7
Monomeer ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Polymeer ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Dehydratatie in koolhydraten ............................................................................................................. 7
Vetten ( lipiden ).................................................................................................................................. 8
Triglyceriden ................................................................................................................................... 8
Fosfolipiden..................................................................................................................................... 8
Sterolen ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Triglyceriden ....................................................................................................................................... 8
‘Monomeer’ .................................................................................................................................... 8
‘Polymeer’ ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Lipase .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Uitleg bouw triglyceride.................................................................................................................. 8
Eiwitten ( proteïnen, peptiden) .......................................................................................................... 9
Monomeer ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Polymeer ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Aminozuur-polymeren ........................................................................................................................ 9
Making a polypeptide chain ................................................................................................................ 9
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................... 10
Week 2: opname via membranen......................................................................................................... 11
De structuur van een fosfolipide: ..................................................................................................... 11
Oorzaak hydrofiel karakter ............................................................................................................... 11
Polariteit............................................................................................................................................ 11
Planten- en dierlijke cellen in hypo-, hyper- en isotone oplossingen:.............................................. 11
Transport van opgeloste stiffen ........................................................................................................ 12
Passief ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Actief ............................................................................................................................................. 12
1
, diffusie .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Membraaneiwitten ........................................................................................................................... 12
De protonenpomp Cotransport: ................................................................................................ 12
Mitochondrium ................................................................................................................................. 13
ATP .................................................................................................................................................... 13
De ATP cyclys (ATP en ADP) .............................................................................................................. 13
De Natrium-Kalium pomp ................................................................................................................. 14
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................... 14
Week 3: signaaltransductie en eiwitstructuren .................................................................................... 15
signaaltransductie ............................................................................................................................. 15
De celkern ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Bouw van nucleïnezuren ( DNA, RNA) .............................................................................................. 17
In nucleïnezuren komen 5 soorten stikstofbasen voor: ................................................................... 17
In nucleïnezuren komen twee soorten suikers voor: ....................................................................... 17
De dubbele helix ............................................................................................................................... 17
Chromatide ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Eiwitsynthese: translatie en transcriptie .......................................................................................... 23
Ribosomen ........................................................................................................................................ 24
RER – Ruw Endoplasmatisch Reticulum ............................................................................................ 24
Functies RER .................................................................................................................................. 25
Functies SER .................................................................................................................................. 25
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................... 25
Week 4: eiwitstructuur ......................................................................................................................... 26
Bouw van eiwitten ............................................................................................................................ 26
De primaire structuur =................................................................................................................. 26
De secundaire structuur = ............................................................................................................. 26
De tertiaire structuur = ................................................................................................................. 26
De quaternaire structuur = ........................................................................................................... 26
Denaturatie ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Endomembraansysteem ................................................................................................................... 27
Golgi apparaat................................................................................................................................... 27
Chaperonin........................................................................................................................................ 28
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................... 29
Week 5: Celorganellen en cytoskelet.................................................................................................... 30
Endoplasmatisch reticulum............................................................................................................... 30
Lysosoom .......................................................................................................................................... 30
2
, Het cytoskelet ................................................................................................................................... 31
Microtubili ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Microfilamenten ........................................................................................................................... 31
Intermediare filamenten ............................................................................................................... 31
Motoreiwit ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Week 6: regulatie celprocessen ............................................................................................................ 32
Biokatalysatoren ............................................................................................................................... 32
Metabolische route........................................................................................................................... 32
Cofactoren ........................................................................................................................................ 32
De activeringsenergie ....................................................................................................................... 32
Activeringsenergie ........................................................................................................................ 32
Enzymen verlagen de activeringsenergie-drempel .......................................................................... 33
Anabole reacties ............................................................................................................................... 33
Katabole reacties .............................................................................................................................. 33
Enzymremmers ................................................................................................................................. 33
Competitieve remmers ................................................................................................................. 33
Niet-competitieve remmers.......................................................................................................... 33
Regulatie van enzymactiviteit ........................................................................................................... 33
Allosterische regulatie van de enzymactiviteit ................................................................................. 33
Coöperatie ........................................................................................................................................ 34
Feedback remming............................................................................................................................ 34
Week 7: celbouw .................................................................................................................................. 35
Celtypen ............................................................................................................................................ 35
Prokaryote cel ................................................................................................................................... 35
Eukaryotische cel .............................................................................................................................. 36
De eukaryote cel in a nutshell........................................................................................................... 36
Onderscheidend ................................................................................................................................ 36
Transportvacuolen (Vesicles) ............................................................................................................ 36
Centrale vacuole ........................................................................................................................... 36
het ontstaan van de celwand ............................................................................................................ 36
Plasmodesmata ............................................................................................................................. 37
Apoplastisch transport .................................................................................................................. 37
Symplastisch transport ................................................................................................................. 37
Plastiden............................................................................................................................................ 37
Proplastiden .................................................................................................................................. 37
Chloroplasten (bladgroenkorrels) ..................................................................................................... 37
3
, Bouw ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Functie........................................................................................................................................... 37
Endosymbiose-theorie ...................................................................................................................... 38
Verbindingen tussen cellen............................................................................................................... 38
1. Tight junctions of Zonula occludens ..................................................................................... 38
2. Desmosomen ........................................................................................................................ 38
3. Gap junction of nexus ........................................................................................................... 38
4
Week 1: stoffen in het bloed .................................................................................................................. 5
Bloedplasma samenstelling ................................................................................................................ 5
Anorganische chemie .......................................................................................................................... 5
Organische chemie.............................................................................................................................. 5
Koolwaterstoffen ................................................................................................................................ 6
Het proces van koppelen van monomeren tot polymeren en splitsen van polymeren tot
monomeren ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Koolhydraten als keten of als ring .............................................................................................. 7
Monomeer ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Polymeer ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Dehydratatie in koolhydraten ............................................................................................................. 7
Vetten ( lipiden ).................................................................................................................................. 8
Triglyceriden ................................................................................................................................... 8
Fosfolipiden..................................................................................................................................... 8
Sterolen ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Triglyceriden ....................................................................................................................................... 8
‘Monomeer’ .................................................................................................................................... 8
‘Polymeer’ ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Lipase .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Uitleg bouw triglyceride.................................................................................................................. 8
Eiwitten ( proteïnen, peptiden) .......................................................................................................... 9
Monomeer ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Polymeer ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Aminozuur-polymeren ........................................................................................................................ 9
Making a polypeptide chain ................................................................................................................ 9
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................... 10
Week 2: opname via membranen......................................................................................................... 11
De structuur van een fosfolipide: ..................................................................................................... 11
Oorzaak hydrofiel karakter ............................................................................................................... 11
Polariteit............................................................................................................................................ 11
Planten- en dierlijke cellen in hypo-, hyper- en isotone oplossingen:.............................................. 11
Transport van opgeloste stiffen ........................................................................................................ 12
Passief ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Actief ............................................................................................................................................. 12
1
, diffusie .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Membraaneiwitten ........................................................................................................................... 12
De protonenpomp Cotransport: ................................................................................................ 12
Mitochondrium ................................................................................................................................. 13
ATP .................................................................................................................................................... 13
De ATP cyclys (ATP en ADP) .............................................................................................................. 13
De Natrium-Kalium pomp ................................................................................................................. 14
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................... 14
Week 3: signaaltransductie en eiwitstructuren .................................................................................... 15
signaaltransductie ............................................................................................................................. 15
De celkern ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Bouw van nucleïnezuren ( DNA, RNA) .............................................................................................. 17
In nucleïnezuren komen 5 soorten stikstofbasen voor: ................................................................... 17
In nucleïnezuren komen twee soorten suikers voor: ....................................................................... 17
De dubbele helix ............................................................................................................................... 17
Chromatide ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Eiwitsynthese: translatie en transcriptie .......................................................................................... 23
Ribosomen ........................................................................................................................................ 24
RER – Ruw Endoplasmatisch Reticulum ............................................................................................ 24
Functies RER .................................................................................................................................. 25
Functies SER .................................................................................................................................. 25
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................... 25
Week 4: eiwitstructuur ......................................................................................................................... 26
Bouw van eiwitten ............................................................................................................................ 26
De primaire structuur =................................................................................................................. 26
De secundaire structuur = ............................................................................................................. 26
De tertiaire structuur = ................................................................................................................. 26
De quaternaire structuur = ........................................................................................................... 26
Denaturatie ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Endomembraansysteem ................................................................................................................... 27
Golgi apparaat................................................................................................................................... 27
Chaperonin........................................................................................................................................ 28
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................... 29
Week 5: Celorganellen en cytoskelet.................................................................................................... 30
Endoplasmatisch reticulum............................................................................................................... 30
Lysosoom .......................................................................................................................................... 30
2
, Het cytoskelet ................................................................................................................................... 31
Microtubili ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Microfilamenten ........................................................................................................................... 31
Intermediare filamenten ............................................................................................................... 31
Motoreiwit ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Week 6: regulatie celprocessen ............................................................................................................ 32
Biokatalysatoren ............................................................................................................................... 32
Metabolische route........................................................................................................................... 32
Cofactoren ........................................................................................................................................ 32
De activeringsenergie ....................................................................................................................... 32
Activeringsenergie ........................................................................................................................ 32
Enzymen verlagen de activeringsenergie-drempel .......................................................................... 33
Anabole reacties ............................................................................................................................... 33
Katabole reacties .............................................................................................................................. 33
Enzymremmers ................................................................................................................................. 33
Competitieve remmers ................................................................................................................. 33
Niet-competitieve remmers.......................................................................................................... 33
Regulatie van enzymactiviteit ........................................................................................................... 33
Allosterische regulatie van de enzymactiviteit ................................................................................. 33
Coöperatie ........................................................................................................................................ 34
Feedback remming............................................................................................................................ 34
Week 7: celbouw .................................................................................................................................. 35
Celtypen ............................................................................................................................................ 35
Prokaryote cel ................................................................................................................................... 35
Eukaryotische cel .............................................................................................................................. 36
De eukaryote cel in a nutshell........................................................................................................... 36
Onderscheidend ................................................................................................................................ 36
Transportvacuolen (Vesicles) ............................................................................................................ 36
Centrale vacuole ........................................................................................................................... 36
het ontstaan van de celwand ............................................................................................................ 36
Plasmodesmata ............................................................................................................................. 37
Apoplastisch transport .................................................................................................................. 37
Symplastisch transport ................................................................................................................. 37
Plastiden............................................................................................................................................ 37
Proplastiden .................................................................................................................................. 37
Chloroplasten (bladgroenkorrels) ..................................................................................................... 37
3
, Bouw ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Functie........................................................................................................................................... 37
Endosymbiose-theorie ...................................................................................................................... 38
Verbindingen tussen cellen............................................................................................................... 38
1. Tight junctions of Zonula occludens ..................................................................................... 38
2. Desmosomen ........................................................................................................................ 38
3. Gap junction of nexus ........................................................................................................... 38
4
