Culture and Literature 1.1
Aspects of the English speaking world
Authors: Manal Ahrouch
Selin Yilmaz
,Contents
Chapter 1: The English-speaking world...................................................................................................5
English has gone through many transitions........................................................................................5
English as a world language................................................................................................................6
There are 5 main reasons for English world dominance:....................................................................6
The 5 largest countries where they speak English..............................................................................7
Kachru’s circles and Globish...............................................................................................................8
Chapter 2 the kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland...............................................................9
Social class: classifications..................................................................................................................9
NRS Social grades.............................................................................................................................10
Social class language.........................................................................................................................10
Language traits of different classes: language choice.......................................................................11
The house of lords:...........................................................................................................................12
The old boy network:........................................................................................................................12
Social mobility:.................................................................................................................................13
Brexit and social class.......................................................................................................................13
Is the class system weakening?........................................................................................................13
Social class on arts............................................................................................................................15
The working-class hero.....................................................................................................................15
The middle-class – keeping up with the joneses...............................................................................16
Keeping up appearances:.................................................................................................................16
The good life:....................................................................................................................................16
The upper-class toff:.........................................................................................................................16
Chapter 3: Ireland.................................................................................................................................18
Introduction......................................................................................................................................18
Early Ireland......................................................................................................................................18
Ireland and England..........................................................................................................................18
Kingdom of Ireland, 1542 -1801.......................................................................................................20
1845-1849: the great Irish famine (An Gorta Mor)...........................................................................20
The path to home rule and independence.......................................................................................20
The troubles in Northern Ireland......................................................................................................21
A brief historical background to the troubles...................................................................................22
Religion in Ireland while it was under English control......................................................................22
The fight for independence from the United Kingdom in the 19 th and 20th centuries......................22
, A brief history: conclusion................................................................................................................23
Unionists and nationalists.................................................................................................................23
Unionists...........................................................................................................................................23
Nationalists.......................................................................................................................................24
Northern Ireland 1922 – 1968: foundations of the troubles............................................................24
The troubles.....................................................................................................................................25
Chapter 4. USA.....................................................................................................................................26
E Pluribus Unum...............................................................................................................................26
America’s people..............................................................................................................................26
A divided America.............................................................................................................................29
Chapter 5. Canada................................................................................................................................31
Canada’s First Nations......................................................................................................................31
The English and the French...............................................................................................................31
Canada and the United States of America........................................................................................31
The war of 1812................................................................................................................................32
The gradual Autonomy and Independence of Canada......................................................................32
Canada’s Centennial 1967-1970.......................................................................................................32
The liberal Convention and Trudeaumania.......................................................................................32
The Summit Series 1972...................................................................................................................33
Modern Canada in Brief....................................................................................................................34
Canadian Government......................................................................................................................34
Martial law........................................................................................................................................34
Geography........................................................................................................................................35
Healthcare and sport........................................................................................................................35
Famous Canadians............................................................................................................................35
Canadian English...............................................................................................................................35
Chapter 6. Australia..............................................................................................................................36
Beaches and BBQs............................................................................................................................36
Australian Wildlife............................................................................................................................36
Indigenous People Settlement..........................................................................................................36
Norfolk Island as a Convict Hellhole.................................................................................................37
Australian Government....................................................................................................................38
Seeking Asylum in Australia (asielzoekers).......................................................................................39
Australia’s Geopolitical History with Migrants and Refugees...........................................................39
The rise of Far-right wing one Nation Party......................................................................................39
The Tampa disaster..........................................................................................................................40
, The ‘Pacific Solution’: Opening Offshore Detention Centres and Beginning Mandatory Detention. 40
The Popularity of Australia’s Policies on Asylum Seekers in Europe.................................................40
Chapter 7. The Second Dispersal and the Origins of the British Empire...............................................42
Imperialism in Africa: The British Empire’s Scramble for Africa........................................................42
South Africa: A Case Study................................................................................................................43
British Imperialism is Asia: The Rise of The East India company.......................................................44
Imperialism in India: A Case Study....................................................................................................44
Imperialism in the Caribbean: Slavery, Sugar, and the rise of English-based Creoles.......................45
Jamaican English (JamE) Jamaican Creole: A Case Study..................................................................45
Postcolonial Theory..........................................................................................................................45
Chapter 8: Sources...............................................................................................................................47
Aspects of the English speaking world
Authors: Manal Ahrouch
Selin Yilmaz
,Contents
Chapter 1: The English-speaking world...................................................................................................5
English has gone through many transitions........................................................................................5
English as a world language................................................................................................................6
There are 5 main reasons for English world dominance:....................................................................6
The 5 largest countries where they speak English..............................................................................7
Kachru’s circles and Globish...............................................................................................................8
Chapter 2 the kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland...............................................................9
Social class: classifications..................................................................................................................9
NRS Social grades.............................................................................................................................10
Social class language.........................................................................................................................10
Language traits of different classes: language choice.......................................................................11
The house of lords:...........................................................................................................................12
The old boy network:........................................................................................................................12
Social mobility:.................................................................................................................................13
Brexit and social class.......................................................................................................................13
Is the class system weakening?........................................................................................................13
Social class on arts............................................................................................................................15
The working-class hero.....................................................................................................................15
The middle-class – keeping up with the joneses...............................................................................16
Keeping up appearances:.................................................................................................................16
The good life:....................................................................................................................................16
The upper-class toff:.........................................................................................................................16
Chapter 3: Ireland.................................................................................................................................18
Introduction......................................................................................................................................18
Early Ireland......................................................................................................................................18
Ireland and England..........................................................................................................................18
Kingdom of Ireland, 1542 -1801.......................................................................................................20
1845-1849: the great Irish famine (An Gorta Mor)...........................................................................20
The path to home rule and independence.......................................................................................20
The troubles in Northern Ireland......................................................................................................21
A brief historical background to the troubles...................................................................................22
Religion in Ireland while it was under English control......................................................................22
The fight for independence from the United Kingdom in the 19 th and 20th centuries......................22
, A brief history: conclusion................................................................................................................23
Unionists and nationalists.................................................................................................................23
Unionists...........................................................................................................................................23
Nationalists.......................................................................................................................................24
Northern Ireland 1922 – 1968: foundations of the troubles............................................................24
The troubles.....................................................................................................................................25
Chapter 4. USA.....................................................................................................................................26
E Pluribus Unum...............................................................................................................................26
America’s people..............................................................................................................................26
A divided America.............................................................................................................................29
Chapter 5. Canada................................................................................................................................31
Canada’s First Nations......................................................................................................................31
The English and the French...............................................................................................................31
Canada and the United States of America........................................................................................31
The war of 1812................................................................................................................................32
The gradual Autonomy and Independence of Canada......................................................................32
Canada’s Centennial 1967-1970.......................................................................................................32
The liberal Convention and Trudeaumania.......................................................................................32
The Summit Series 1972...................................................................................................................33
Modern Canada in Brief....................................................................................................................34
Canadian Government......................................................................................................................34
Martial law........................................................................................................................................34
Geography........................................................................................................................................35
Healthcare and sport........................................................................................................................35
Famous Canadians............................................................................................................................35
Canadian English...............................................................................................................................35
Chapter 6. Australia..............................................................................................................................36
Beaches and BBQs............................................................................................................................36
Australian Wildlife............................................................................................................................36
Indigenous People Settlement..........................................................................................................36
Norfolk Island as a Convict Hellhole.................................................................................................37
Australian Government....................................................................................................................38
Seeking Asylum in Australia (asielzoekers).......................................................................................39
Australia’s Geopolitical History with Migrants and Refugees...........................................................39
The rise of Far-right wing one Nation Party......................................................................................39
The Tampa disaster..........................................................................................................................40
, The ‘Pacific Solution’: Opening Offshore Detention Centres and Beginning Mandatory Detention. 40
The Popularity of Australia’s Policies on Asylum Seekers in Europe.................................................40
Chapter 7. The Second Dispersal and the Origins of the British Empire...............................................42
Imperialism in Africa: The British Empire’s Scramble for Africa........................................................42
South Africa: A Case Study................................................................................................................43
British Imperialism is Asia: The Rise of The East India company.......................................................44
Imperialism in India: A Case Study....................................................................................................44
Imperialism in the Caribbean: Slavery, Sugar, and the rise of English-based Creoles.......................45
Jamaican English (JamE) Jamaican Creole: A Case Study..................................................................45
Postcolonial Theory..........................................................................................................................45
Chapter 8: Sources...............................................................................................................................47
