_ -r □ ~ -- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ •~: ~• ~· cl, ~- ~• j: ~• i> ~i~ ~~i~ : ~; ~ ~~7,tb r-, , 1 .. _,.,, -r,~ -
,b b b o ob ~ " "o o o o LI
--,c r
LI~~~ ~
"" ,ii~_::- ,-
,
'w\--.:it ,s evol ubo r, ~ La rnarc k. E: ~rn~ t-io-;=;-
•ei·, o \051 cal I -
e,'\Jo lu b, o n - !:he cho ~= thot life ~ Orso n,e rYlS oclop b:0 over t;i me to \1\Je 1n
f=-or r<'E, ho \J e. Uf"\der:fn e Q\le, lofl_:J pen ools o~ the., r en \J i r on rY1ef1 t ·
t ·,r<'le · I Li> 1he se oda p boc·, ons ~ e po:ssed onco
4- Pre.o ef\t -do3 l=o, rn ~ o +: Ii~ rave descended tr.eir oFFs pr·, "5 · I
F rcrn ff relobecJ to thoe e 0 C: the past,. 1 1
Use $ di 5 u5 e ct= bod~ port s -
0
4 l',ay lool d ·1~l=er enc ~ Y.:)e.carne rnccJ;t:.;ec) _o r3on s we,re_u sed , tf;e,., _mor e
O\Rr <::)e nero bons . I ,ncr ease ·,1"') vi-z.e or efF·,c,enc~.
~ •
1 4 1:F nd v<oe d bh~ l,OC)u\d get srno \ler ~
1neo r1e. 5 0~ S'1o lubo n I e,\Je .06ua l\~ c11soppeor.
1. E,os rnus Don,0·1 " - C,~e on Eorf:;h d~sc erde J 4 1 ~au \ts ·,n h,s t:heo r8
~,om O c_otn (Y"lof l anc esto r. 1
AcqLii red
1. cho racc er ·1sbic.,s ore not i0her.ited-
4 <SpeC: es 1
c h on-9e d vuer (j(Y)e. 4> do n' 6 chan3= Ql)A or <3a0 1ete s •
z. . lornorct - or-3 an·, s~s chon 3ed in
l1kb,rn e. co csur\Ji\Je ,n the ne.w e.f)\J't,onment.
br'e·i , 2. Or3a n\srn s d ·, dn'e, C:-\Jolue beco uee 9
Luon t 60 e,\Jol\Je.
~ chor oe,6 -er·16 t .1cs ~ ·,nher·,teJ.
~ G,rat-~e £xornp\e
"3. Al~re d Wo\\oc:...e.. - t0at uro\ coe,le .cbon Os on
e')(o
0
G ·~,a~ '2es 0r\3 ·1nal~ hod 5horl neck s .
1 \o·, nat ',on ,-r or evo IL ' .
U c-,on
C) ~~ ~req ,uen ti~ 5~r eche d thi,r nee.t s .
1
LJ. Cha r lcs Dorw·,n - ~
r re.or~ o~ c..
c\Jol ub·,o n I " lo recc h \eav es oF2 toll ~ree s.
~ f\Jotu.rol Selecb-·,on• 0 t\Jec t.s \oe_c orne lens er. 1
. .4 re.c.03ri1sed toJOj . ~ L_qf1_5 ()ee ls ocq, u'i red s,
IE=__:_. x- ~ t r c ' 7-
l_ ~ noe:- occ~ p tecl a& brue
, Dar IJ.)1\'I 'e, ::fheor~
.. Dab:i he co\lec [:;eel rY'lOde h,rn Q\,l)Qre d : a \ors - necl'.ed Blr'q~ 60 survive .
Li,. d,\le-S1b.:3 arnor:3 O';y'0., 8 ,-r,s . 4- Wof:,urol sd ec.bo0 oo::ured- '
Li,. \Jar I ab on of: _1nd ividUo-ls oi: wrre 5 peoes. • G-enes k:Jr IO n9er- nc::ck.s were ' n her·, t;ecl
Li,. p u-z.zJ, n3 d is t;n bu I:;' on o>- di f:. Feref'\l Sf€cie.s. b':I (:' u tu re 5e.r,era\:O,o ns.
4- Th =r'.;\ oF l0cJC uro\ selecbaa' I ~ ~our Ideas For Dorw In 's !hec:1r;i
• Speaee produce q \0 f3e nu.mbif oF oH'sp6'} I. .'.;_ore than enou9h oF-He>prin'J ·
"9 6sorre ' spec,es) shoLU \Jor'106ion-
e O\:F.,,pr1 2. I re S 6ru3:f=- to surv ,\Je.
3
• OF-fs pr·,r-:9 l;lill corn pcle, uii th each other For · D' F-F- er-en =s ,r, 1n d; v i clu o \s .
Focd , cshelt,er , e.bc . 1 L- A quesb,on oP- ·,n're.r-,6€l0ce.
0 Su_r\J·, \Ja\ o~ tre. ~:,c6ee>t - on\~ o kw w,11 .
Surv ,ve I:, Po"6 their 9e,,es /:;o f:he.,r oFFspr1~. Li. E\,,cleoce For Dort1u1n 's !hear~
C 0 1 5an 1srn0 w,bh (nose k)e.neJ=-·,c,ol tro,bs I 7h i=- .,
are more lik'-e-~ to -'Surv·,ve ,i; reproduce. . e ass, 12ecorcl
• f\.lck u r al =
se\ ban cous=J (:},e po pu k, I:; iol"I 'S\.ov.:,s fvof:;h rn,uo - eoo \u bi on Ce;Jo\ul:,ial"I
O
l:;o :)' d uoll ~ ch o~e =J e>Jo\ ub,on d net,0 w ,th,f'I O sp::c·,es) and Macro - e.vo\ ution
0
0p ="'.e; • L bctweer, ore 5ro up of oraon i s ,...,.,, Ord
C\'1 o bh,er ) . .J
~ G·,,q ~~e £ xomp \e l~ Wnol CCJf1 CT seen i0 l=-os&i\ ,ec.ord5 ·.
. _ S°iY11 o\est
'Inc.re. ose .1n cornpIex16u
'c> ~o,·,ac ·1on ·,n tne ~l raFk popu\obon
Ge0e6·,0
c
0 r5 ° 0 's~e, oppe,ored .J f: irst . \
-:-; '<>orne '3, r O r: Fe.5 t'O~ \on er necKs tr(Jn ~s.
o G nu 1,onr("\e.n t:70\
3 c~o~e / corn pet·1(:;,on
Cl) I n c r e:;\.Se ·,n cf, v er-s; t";J .
cau6e.d shorter - nected 9 ·1 ro/:-Fe5 bo d,e
- - ~ ~ u i ~ 1\ 1\·!01)-!D 111\:1tt\\:T 1, ,, ru~ 11' '"1\l~~JJ~~u"~
, - sp-,nal
<o \its) toi I
~- Cornpord:·, ve An9 cocny re.cord
° Cornpar,n3 excernal g '1 ncerno)
t7t r uc.. 6u res , 5c·,en ti sts con see ro._.u
re\oce..d G oraon ·, s rn~ o ~t. r u vb u res;; t;h ob were F-uncb onol in
0 ore. I an~e.-s briol spec ·, es.
l
, ~. G ,ad uo\i '27 rn I the
0 Se,\ect·,on ~ \Jor·,at;·, on occurs 3 rod u.al~. f'f')o\)e ment of: ga(Y)e,bes.
0
~roc\ua\\~ o\)er a \ona b·1rne 1 t;he
·\ ) ~ )
3. Genet·,c dr·,r--t :
popu\ oe·, 0n cho.nJge.s. .J
0 ProJuce.s random changes ·,n the
g Chofl3e -,~ ·0)aLP ) cons bone ~ consis t;ent- Freq; uenc~ o~ cha,ac.ber\sbics ·, n a papu\ubon.
B. Pl ,nc b \10 l;e,cl 59,u·,\ ·, b r·, urn D. Ar c·,F-; c ·, a\ 5e\ec6ian
e In\)o\\Je..s chon~J::-s ·,n spurbs . I o De\i be£"a~e b,eedin5
p\onbs . and oF
• K\\.lto tl\'lns /:;ho6 result" in punc l:;uck-d a ~ ·i Ma\s F-or desired charqcbe.r--isbcs .
e:,q,u, Ii lo ri urn are help iv l to l:;he 1ncl ,v ,du ols Li, rna~ not reoll~ beneP,t ouni,val oi:- 0R=spr,n3-
\f'\ the·1r e.11\J l ronme.J') ts,
• Spec·,es changes rqpid\~ 0\Jff a Few ~ s·,m·, \ard:;"i es L9\th nacu ro\ -velecb·,on
sene.ra t-·,ons.
o \Jo,·1ab",on occ.ur<2, . } 1n tnai:,
c. Other me,chon ·,~ms of= evolubion ~ • ~Or-, ot,on )":, here:cl·, t;or~- P<!>fUlobon
0 l he oul c.orne ·1s the some.
Pol8 p\01 d~ :
~ (),~~<:::.rences
~ Doubhn9 or ~rebbl in..9 or: 2 bas·1c co::,(;s
oF- ch ro rn oso rres. t\Joturol
U> O~Fspr1n9 connoC rnal:e W,th l]he,r poW/)ql Human£:, de-terrn·,ne En\J·1,onrnerib- acts a-s
cselec be.d \::ro·, t.s. uelec6,on preS5lJ,e·
~~c1eS-
T ra"d:s ff\~ no!:; be Tra,bs a~ oduont-03eo05
2. Gene F-low ~ OcJ\J?n bageous For sunJ1\Jo\ ·, n tre
f=-o r
~
L,.. --
I h e,
Occurs
l'nO\/efY\Wt
·.
or=-
rn19rqt·,00
'3ene.s
oC:
t:)e_tl\)e,ef'I \Xl?u\o\;101\S
or3on1 &ms or
Sur~ 1\JD\ ·,ri the fbt;urn\ f'Dturo\ envi rori r<\E:.nt •
~ \ J ,, on fY'lent:, .
decreases \Jar1ot-·1on
f'\\ '1\ " ' '\l "\l (\) 1• "'t' ~\ 4" ,t ·'\l '{\ 1l
,b b b o ob ~ " "o o o o LI
--,c r
LI~~~ ~
"" ,ii~_::- ,-
,
'w\--.:it ,s evol ubo r, ~ La rnarc k. E: ~rn~ t-io-;=;-
•ei·, o \051 cal I -
e,'\Jo lu b, o n - !:he cho ~= thot life ~ Orso n,e rYlS oclop b:0 over t;i me to \1\Je 1n
f=-or r<'E, ho \J e. Uf"\der:fn e Q\le, lofl_:J pen ools o~ the., r en \J i r on rY1ef1 t ·
t ·,r<'le · I Li> 1he se oda p boc·, ons ~ e po:ssed onco
4- Pre.o ef\t -do3 l=o, rn ~ o +: Ii~ rave descended tr.eir oFFs pr·, "5 · I
F rcrn ff relobecJ to thoe e 0 C: the past,. 1 1
Use $ di 5 u5 e ct= bod~ port s -
0
4 l',ay lool d ·1~l=er enc ~ Y.:)e.carne rnccJ;t:.;ec) _o r3on s we,re_u sed , tf;e,., _mor e
O\Rr <::)e nero bons . I ,ncr ease ·,1"') vi-z.e or efF·,c,enc~.
~ •
1 4 1:F nd v<oe d bh~ l,OC)u\d get srno \ler ~
1neo r1e. 5 0~ S'1o lubo n I e,\Je .06ua l\~ c11soppeor.
1. E,os rnus Don,0·1 " - C,~e on Eorf:;h d~sc erde J 4 1 ~au \ts ·,n h,s t:heo r8
~,om O c_otn (Y"lof l anc esto r. 1
AcqLii red
1. cho racc er ·1sbic.,s ore not i0her.ited-
4 <SpeC: es 1
c h on-9e d vuer (j(Y)e. 4> do n' 6 chan3= Ql)A or <3a0 1ete s •
z. . lornorct - or-3 an·, s~s chon 3ed in
l1kb,rn e. co csur\Ji\Je ,n the ne.w e.f)\J't,onment.
br'e·i , 2. Or3a n\srn s d ·, dn'e, C:-\Jolue beco uee 9
Luon t 60 e,\Jol\Je.
~ chor oe,6 -er·16 t .1cs ~ ·,nher·,teJ.
~ G,rat-~e £xornp\e
"3. Al~re d Wo\\oc:...e.. - t0at uro\ coe,le .cbon Os on
e')(o
0
G ·~,a~ '2es 0r\3 ·1nal~ hod 5horl neck s .
1 \o·, nat ',on ,-r or evo IL ' .
U c-,on
C) ~~ ~req ,uen ti~ 5~r eche d thi,r nee.t s .
1
LJ. Cha r lcs Dorw·,n - ~
r re.or~ o~ c..
c\Jol ub·,o n I " lo recc h \eav es oF2 toll ~ree s.
~ f\Jotu.rol Selecb-·,on• 0 t\Jec t.s \oe_c orne lens er. 1
. .4 re.c.03ri1sed toJOj . ~ L_qf1_5 ()ee ls ocq, u'i red s,
IE=__:_. x- ~ t r c ' 7-
l_ ~ noe:- occ~ p tecl a& brue
, Dar IJ.)1\'I 'e, ::fheor~
.. Dab:i he co\lec [:;eel rY'lOde h,rn Q\,l)Qre d : a \ors - necl'.ed Blr'q~ 60 survive .
Li,. d,\le-S1b.:3 arnor:3 O';y'0., 8 ,-r,s . 4- Wof:,urol sd ec.bo0 oo::ured- '
Li,. \Jar I ab on of: _1nd ividUo-ls oi: wrre 5 peoes. • G-enes k:Jr IO n9er- nc::ck.s were ' n her·, t;ecl
Li,. p u-z.zJ, n3 d is t;n bu I:;' on o>- di f:. Feref'\l Sf€cie.s. b':I (:' u tu re 5e.r,era\:O,o ns.
4- Th =r'.;\ oF l0cJC uro\ selecbaa' I ~ ~our Ideas For Dorw In 's !hec:1r;i
• Speaee produce q \0 f3e nu.mbif oF oH'sp6'} I. .'.;_ore than enou9h oF-He>prin'J ·
"9 6sorre ' spec,es) shoLU \Jor'106ion-
e O\:F.,,pr1 2. I re S 6ru3:f=- to surv ,\Je.
3
• OF-fs pr·,r-:9 l;lill corn pcle, uii th each other For · D' F-F- er-en =s ,r, 1n d; v i clu o \s .
Focd , cshelt,er , e.bc . 1 L- A quesb,on oP- ·,n're.r-,6€l0ce.
0 Su_r\J·, \Ja\ o~ tre. ~:,c6ee>t - on\~ o kw w,11 .
Surv ,ve I:, Po"6 their 9e,,es /:;o f:he.,r oFFspr1~. Li. E\,,cleoce For Dort1u1n 's !hear~
C 0 1 5an 1srn0 w,bh (nose k)e.neJ=-·,c,ol tro,bs I 7h i=- .,
are more lik'-e-~ to -'Surv·,ve ,i; reproduce. . e ass, 12ecorcl
• f\.lck u r al =
se\ ban cous=J (:},e po pu k, I:; iol"I 'S\.ov.:,s fvof:;h rn,uo - eoo \u bi on Ce;Jo\ul:,ial"I
O
l:;o :)' d uoll ~ ch o~e =J e>Jo\ ub,on d net,0 w ,th,f'I O sp::c·,es) and Macro - e.vo\ ution
0
0p ="'.e; • L bctweer, ore 5ro up of oraon i s ,...,.,, Ord
C\'1 o bh,er ) . .J
~ G·,,q ~~e £ xomp \e l~ Wnol CCJf1 CT seen i0 l=-os&i\ ,ec.ord5 ·.
. _ S°iY11 o\est
'Inc.re. ose .1n cornpIex16u
'c> ~o,·,ac ·1on ·,n tne ~l raFk popu\obon
Ge0e6·,0
c
0 r5 ° 0 's~e, oppe,ored .J f: irst . \
-:-; '<>orne '3, r O r: Fe.5 t'O~ \on er necKs tr(Jn ~s.
o G nu 1,onr("\e.n t:70\
3 c~o~e / corn pet·1(:;,on
Cl) I n c r e:;\.Se ·,n cf, v er-s; t";J .
cau6e.d shorter - nected 9 ·1 ro/:-Fe5 bo d,e
- - ~ ~ u i ~ 1\ 1\·!01)-!D 111\:1tt\\:T 1, ,, ru~ 11' '"1\l~~JJ~~u"~
, - sp-,nal
<o \its) toi I
~- Cornpord:·, ve An9 cocny re.cord
° Cornpar,n3 excernal g '1 ncerno)
t7t r uc.. 6u res , 5c·,en ti sts con see ro._.u
re\oce..d G oraon ·, s rn~ o ~t. r u vb u res;; t;h ob were F-uncb onol in
0 ore. I an~e.-s briol spec ·, es.
l
, ~. G ,ad uo\i '27 rn I the
0 Se,\ect·,on ~ \Jor·,at;·, on occurs 3 rod u.al~. f'f')o\)e ment of: ga(Y)e,bes.
0
~roc\ua\\~ o\)er a \ona b·1rne 1 t;he
·\ ) ~ )
3. Genet·,c dr·,r--t :
popu\ oe·, 0n cho.nJge.s. .J
0 ProJuce.s random changes ·,n the
g Chofl3e -,~ ·0)aLP ) cons bone ~ consis t;ent- Freq; uenc~ o~ cha,ac.ber\sbics ·, n a papu\ubon.
B. Pl ,nc b \10 l;e,cl 59,u·,\ ·, b r·, urn D. Ar c·,F-; c ·, a\ 5e\ec6ian
e In\)o\\Je..s chon~J::-s ·,n spurbs . I o De\i be£"a~e b,eedin5
p\onbs . and oF
• K\\.lto tl\'lns /:;ho6 result" in punc l:;uck-d a ~ ·i Ma\s F-or desired charqcbe.r--isbcs .
e:,q,u, Ii lo ri urn are help iv l to l:;he 1ncl ,v ,du ols Li, rna~ not reoll~ beneP,t ouni,val oi:- 0R=spr,n3-
\f'\ the·1r e.11\J l ronme.J') ts,
• Spec·,es changes rqpid\~ 0\Jff a Few ~ s·,m·, \ard:;"i es L9\th nacu ro\ -velecb·,on
sene.ra t-·,ons.
o \Jo,·1ab",on occ.ur<2, . } 1n tnai:,
c. Other me,chon ·,~ms of= evolubion ~ • ~Or-, ot,on )":, here:cl·, t;or~- P<!>fUlobon
0 l he oul c.orne ·1s the some.
Pol8 p\01 d~ :
~ (),~~<:::.rences
~ Doubhn9 or ~rebbl in..9 or: 2 bas·1c co::,(;s
oF- ch ro rn oso rres. t\Joturol
U> O~Fspr1n9 connoC rnal:e W,th l]he,r poW/)ql Human£:, de-terrn·,ne En\J·1,onrnerib- acts a-s
cselec be.d \::ro·, t.s. uelec6,on preS5lJ,e·
~~c1eS-
T ra"d:s ff\~ no!:; be Tra,bs a~ oduont-03eo05
2. Gene F-low ~ OcJ\J?n bageous For sunJ1\Jo\ ·, n tre
f=-o r
~
L,.. --
I h e,
Occurs
l'nO\/efY\Wt
·.
or=-
rn19rqt·,00
'3ene.s
oC:
t:)e_tl\)e,ef'I \Xl?u\o\;101\S
or3on1 &ms or
Sur~ 1\JD\ ·,ri the fbt;urn\ f'Dturo\ envi rori r<\E:.nt •
~ \ J ,, on fY'lent:, .
decreases \Jar1ot-·1on
f'\\ '1\ " ' '\l "\l (\) 1• "'t' ~\ 4" ,t ·'\l '{\ 1l
