1
Week 2: Life span and Psychopathology 4
Article 1
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maugham, B. (2006).
Article 2
Sameroff, A. J. (2000).
Article 3
Hayes, A. M., & Andrews, L. A. (2020).
Article 4
Borsboom, D., Cramer, A. O. J., Schmittmann, V. D., Epskamp, S., & Waldorp, L. J. (2011).
Article 5
McNally, R. J. (2016).
Article 6
Molenaar, P. C. M., & Campbell, C. G. (2009).
Week 3: Executive Functions and Psychopathology 21
Lecture Notes
Article 1
Abramovitch, A., Short, T., & Schweiger, A. (2021).
Article 2
Snyder HR, Miyake A, Hankin BL. (2015).
Article 3
Knight, M. J., Air, T., & Baune, B. T. (2018).
Article 4
Medalia, Alice, and Alice Saperstein. Academic Press, 2020.
Week 4: Associative Learning and Psychopathology 30
Lecture Notes
Article 1
Davey, G.C.L . (1992).
Article 2
Hermans, D., Vansteenwegen, D., Crombez, G., Baeyens, F., & Eelen, P. (2002
Article 3
Lovibond, P.F., Mitchell, C.J., Minard, E., Brady, A., & Menzies, R.G. (2009).
Article 4
Vansteenwegen, D., Dirikx, T., Hermans, D., Vervliet, B., Eelen, P. (2006).
, 2
Article 5
Bandarian-Balooch, S., Neumann, D. L., & Boschen, M. J. (2015).
Article 6
Woods, S.C., & Ramsay, D.S. (2000).
Article 7
Jansen, A. (1998).
Article 8
Havermans, R.C. & Jansen, A. T. M. (2003).
Week 5: Interpersonal Functioning and Psychopathology 54
Lecture Notes
Article 1
Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2004)
Article 2
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Holtforth, M. G. (2010).
Article 3
Segrin, C. G. (2010).
Article 4
Young, S. N., Moskowitz, D. S., & aan het Rot, M. (2014).
Week 6: Cognitive perspective on Psychopathology 65
Lecture Notes
Article 1
McNally, R.J. (2001).
Article 2
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. (1998).
Article 3
Amir, N., Weber, G., Beard, C., Bomyea, J. & Taylor, C.T. (2008).
Article 4
Smeets, E., Jansen, A., & Roefs, A. (2011).
Article 5
Veenstra, E.M. & de Jong, P.J. (2010).
Article 6
Eberla, C., Wiers, R.W., Pawelczacka, S., Rinck, M., Becker, E., Lindenmeyer, J. (2013).
, 3
Article 7
Beevers, C.G. (2005).
Week 7: Biology and Psychopathology 93
Lecture Notes
Article 1
Walsh, A. E. L., & Harmer, C. J. (2015)
Article 2
Suomi, S. J. (2006)
Article 3
Anacker, C., O'Donnell, K. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2014).
Article 4
Turecki, G., & Meaney, M. J. (2016).
, 4
Week 2: Life Span and Psychopathology
Literature week 2
Article 1
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maugham, B. (2006). Continuities and discontinuities between
childhood and adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 276-295.
The possible mechanisms involved in continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology
between childhood and adult life are considered.
When the associations between mental disorders in childhood and adulthood were reviewed a
decade ago (Rutter, 1995), the main conclusion was that the findings raised key questions
about possible causal mechanisms – the circumstances in the biology or in the environment
that make continuities or discontinuities either more or less likely.
A generation ago, very few psychiatrists and psychologists dealing with adult mental
disorders would have considered a developmental perspective as appropriate, let alone
necessary. That is no longer the case today. A developmental perspective is mainstream.
This review primarily focuses on the possible mechanisms underlying continuities and
discontinuities over the life span.
Schizophrenia:
Impairments were evident as early as one year of life and showed greater continuity over time
in those who later developed schizophrenia than among normal controls.
What is not entirely clear, however, is whether these neurodevelopmental impairments
reflect early manifestations of a genetic liability or, rather, the effects of some independent
environmental risk factor.
The earlier studies of special groups had given no strong indication that childhood precursors
included any early manifestations of psychotic symptomatology. The findings from the
Dunedin Longitudinal Study, however, were important in providing the first evidence for
continuity of psychotic-like symptoms from childhood to adulthood.
The results so far have shown that schizotypal symptoms and cognitions provided the best
differentiation between the familial high-risk subjects who did and who did not develop
psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychological and neurodevelopmental measures, in keeping with
other research findings, differentiated individuals at high risk from healthy controls but they
were not very effective in differentiating within a high-risk group those who would go on to
develop schizophrenia.
Three main queries have yet to be resolved with respect to the meaning of the findings on the
features in childhood and adolescence that predict the later development of a schizophrenic
psychosis. First, distinctions have usually been drawn between precursors and prodromal
symptoms, the difference being that the former constitute risk factors, whereas the latter
constitute the early manifestations of the disorder itself.
Second, all the findings raise the question of what it is that leads to the translation of
precursors or prodromata into overt schizophrenia.
Neurodevelopmental disorders:
In recent years there has been a tendency for certain early-onset disorders to be grouped
together under the concept of ‘neurodevelopmental disorders’. Such disorders have eight
Week 2: Life span and Psychopathology 4
Article 1
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maugham, B. (2006).
Article 2
Sameroff, A. J. (2000).
Article 3
Hayes, A. M., & Andrews, L. A. (2020).
Article 4
Borsboom, D., Cramer, A. O. J., Schmittmann, V. D., Epskamp, S., & Waldorp, L. J. (2011).
Article 5
McNally, R. J. (2016).
Article 6
Molenaar, P. C. M., & Campbell, C. G. (2009).
Week 3: Executive Functions and Psychopathology 21
Lecture Notes
Article 1
Abramovitch, A., Short, T., & Schweiger, A. (2021).
Article 2
Snyder HR, Miyake A, Hankin BL. (2015).
Article 3
Knight, M. J., Air, T., & Baune, B. T. (2018).
Article 4
Medalia, Alice, and Alice Saperstein. Academic Press, 2020.
Week 4: Associative Learning and Psychopathology 30
Lecture Notes
Article 1
Davey, G.C.L . (1992).
Article 2
Hermans, D., Vansteenwegen, D., Crombez, G., Baeyens, F., & Eelen, P. (2002
Article 3
Lovibond, P.F., Mitchell, C.J., Minard, E., Brady, A., & Menzies, R.G. (2009).
Article 4
Vansteenwegen, D., Dirikx, T., Hermans, D., Vervliet, B., Eelen, P. (2006).
, 2
Article 5
Bandarian-Balooch, S., Neumann, D. L., & Boschen, M. J. (2015).
Article 6
Woods, S.C., & Ramsay, D.S. (2000).
Article 7
Jansen, A. (1998).
Article 8
Havermans, R.C. & Jansen, A. T. M. (2003).
Week 5: Interpersonal Functioning and Psychopathology 54
Lecture Notes
Article 1
Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2004)
Article 2
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Holtforth, M. G. (2010).
Article 3
Segrin, C. G. (2010).
Article 4
Young, S. N., Moskowitz, D. S., & aan het Rot, M. (2014).
Week 6: Cognitive perspective on Psychopathology 65
Lecture Notes
Article 1
McNally, R.J. (2001).
Article 2
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. (1998).
Article 3
Amir, N., Weber, G., Beard, C., Bomyea, J. & Taylor, C.T. (2008).
Article 4
Smeets, E., Jansen, A., & Roefs, A. (2011).
Article 5
Veenstra, E.M. & de Jong, P.J. (2010).
Article 6
Eberla, C., Wiers, R.W., Pawelczacka, S., Rinck, M., Becker, E., Lindenmeyer, J. (2013).
, 3
Article 7
Beevers, C.G. (2005).
Week 7: Biology and Psychopathology 93
Lecture Notes
Article 1
Walsh, A. E. L., & Harmer, C. J. (2015)
Article 2
Suomi, S. J. (2006)
Article 3
Anacker, C., O'Donnell, K. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2014).
Article 4
Turecki, G., & Meaney, M. J. (2016).
, 4
Week 2: Life Span and Psychopathology
Literature week 2
Article 1
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maugham, B. (2006). Continuities and discontinuities between
childhood and adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 276-295.
The possible mechanisms involved in continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology
between childhood and adult life are considered.
When the associations between mental disorders in childhood and adulthood were reviewed a
decade ago (Rutter, 1995), the main conclusion was that the findings raised key questions
about possible causal mechanisms – the circumstances in the biology or in the environment
that make continuities or discontinuities either more or less likely.
A generation ago, very few psychiatrists and psychologists dealing with adult mental
disorders would have considered a developmental perspective as appropriate, let alone
necessary. That is no longer the case today. A developmental perspective is mainstream.
This review primarily focuses on the possible mechanisms underlying continuities and
discontinuities over the life span.
Schizophrenia:
Impairments were evident as early as one year of life and showed greater continuity over time
in those who later developed schizophrenia than among normal controls.
What is not entirely clear, however, is whether these neurodevelopmental impairments
reflect early manifestations of a genetic liability or, rather, the effects of some independent
environmental risk factor.
The earlier studies of special groups had given no strong indication that childhood precursors
included any early manifestations of psychotic symptomatology. The findings from the
Dunedin Longitudinal Study, however, were important in providing the first evidence for
continuity of psychotic-like symptoms from childhood to adulthood.
The results so far have shown that schizotypal symptoms and cognitions provided the best
differentiation between the familial high-risk subjects who did and who did not develop
psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychological and neurodevelopmental measures, in keeping with
other research findings, differentiated individuals at high risk from healthy controls but they
were not very effective in differentiating within a high-risk group those who would go on to
develop schizophrenia.
Three main queries have yet to be resolved with respect to the meaning of the findings on the
features in childhood and adolescence that predict the later development of a schizophrenic
psychosis. First, distinctions have usually been drawn between precursors and prodromal
symptoms, the difference being that the former constitute risk factors, whereas the latter
constitute the early manifestations of the disorder itself.
Second, all the findings raise the question of what it is that leads to the translation of
precursors or prodromata into overt schizophrenia.
Neurodevelopmental disorders:
In recent years there has been a tendency for certain early-onset disorders to be grouped
together under the concept of ‘neurodevelopmental disorders’. Such disorders have eight
