Summery book introduction to psychology
Chapter 1: the science of psychology (topic 1)
Psychological science = study mental activity and behavior, predict and understand.
research of mind = mental activity, brain = biological processes and behavior = action
Critical thinking = systematically questioning and evaluating information using well-
supported evidence. Important because everybody and the media can be wrong.
There can be biases that can be if the opposite is true. That is not a lack of intelligence.
Sometimes we see patterns that doesn’t exist.
Chapter 3: biology and behavior
Nervous system = network of billions of cells in your brain and body moving, sensing,
choosing for us? How does the nervous system work?
nature and nurture work together to affect human behavior
What is the genetic basis of psychology science?
- genes each human has them from their parents personally traits
- environment and genes are interacting
- gene expression process gene is off or on
Cell chromosome (23) consist of DNA DNA has a double helix shape segments
are genes
Genes
- dominant
- recessive
Phenotype = observable characters
Mutations = error in cell division
Epigenetics = idea that genetic expressing can be changed due experience
Heredity = the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring by means of genes.
How does the nerves system operate? (topic 2)
- central nerves system (CNS) = brain, spinal cord, and their nerves
- Peripheral nerves system (PNS) = other nerve cells in the rest of the body
Neurons = these cells receive, integrate, and transmit information in the nerves system
chemical signals to communicate with each other
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons
,Membrane of the neuron ion channels
myelin glia cells, faster movement of the electric impulses
node of Ranvier small gaps in the axon, where an action potential takes place
1. Resting membrane potential = inside is more negative = -70mV polarization
2. Action potential = neuron fires, there come more positive ions inside the cell (cells are
open) depolarization, by -50mV action potential is generated
3. Repolarization channels close
4. resting state returns
- Excitatory signals = depolarization, decrease negative inside the cell encourage to fire
- inhibitory signals = hyperpolarization, increase negative inside the cell discourage to fire
All-or-none when a neuron fires, it fires with the same potency every time. It fires of it
doesn’t fire
Neurotransmitter = chemical substances that transmit signals from one neuron to another
- presynaptic
- postsynaptic
, Reuptake = a neurotransmitter is taken
back into the presynaptic terminal
buttons stopping the activity of the
neurotransmitter
Enzyme deactivation = An enzyme
destroys the neurotransmitter in the
synapse
Auto reception = neurotransmitters bind
with the receptors on the presynaptic
button, so it stopped releasing the
neurotransmitter
Chapter 1: the science of psychology (topic 1)
Psychological science = study mental activity and behavior, predict and understand.
research of mind = mental activity, brain = biological processes and behavior = action
Critical thinking = systematically questioning and evaluating information using well-
supported evidence. Important because everybody and the media can be wrong.
There can be biases that can be if the opposite is true. That is not a lack of intelligence.
Sometimes we see patterns that doesn’t exist.
Chapter 3: biology and behavior
Nervous system = network of billions of cells in your brain and body moving, sensing,
choosing for us? How does the nervous system work?
nature and nurture work together to affect human behavior
What is the genetic basis of psychology science?
- genes each human has them from their parents personally traits
- environment and genes are interacting
- gene expression process gene is off or on
Cell chromosome (23) consist of DNA DNA has a double helix shape segments
are genes
Genes
- dominant
- recessive
Phenotype = observable characters
Mutations = error in cell division
Epigenetics = idea that genetic expressing can be changed due experience
Heredity = the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring by means of genes.
How does the nerves system operate? (topic 2)
- central nerves system (CNS) = brain, spinal cord, and their nerves
- Peripheral nerves system (PNS) = other nerve cells in the rest of the body
Neurons = these cells receive, integrate, and transmit information in the nerves system
chemical signals to communicate with each other
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons
,Membrane of the neuron ion channels
myelin glia cells, faster movement of the electric impulses
node of Ranvier small gaps in the axon, where an action potential takes place
1. Resting membrane potential = inside is more negative = -70mV polarization
2. Action potential = neuron fires, there come more positive ions inside the cell (cells are
open) depolarization, by -50mV action potential is generated
3. Repolarization channels close
4. resting state returns
- Excitatory signals = depolarization, decrease negative inside the cell encourage to fire
- inhibitory signals = hyperpolarization, increase negative inside the cell discourage to fire
All-or-none when a neuron fires, it fires with the same potency every time. It fires of it
doesn’t fire
Neurotransmitter = chemical substances that transmit signals from one neuron to another
- presynaptic
- postsynaptic
, Reuptake = a neurotransmitter is taken
back into the presynaptic terminal
buttons stopping the activity of the
neurotransmitter
Enzyme deactivation = An enzyme
destroys the neurotransmitter in the
synapse
Auto reception = neurotransmitters bind
with the receptors on the presynaptic
button, so it stopped releasing the
neurotransmitter
