Organic Chemistry Gr 12 IEB

Organic
Chemistry

, Organic chemistry
Carbon has 4 valance electrons and the ability to form covalent bonds with other atoms.
These covalent bonds are strong, give good shape and strength.
Form long chains and branched atoms
Groups of organic compounds: homologous series
Alkanes All are non-polar


H
Pc General formula: CnH2n+2
Molecular formula: C3H8
H H H
Molecular formula: CH4 Condensed formula:
H C H Condensed formula: CH4 H C C C H CH3CH2CH3
H Hydrocarbon H H H Hydrocarbon
Methane Saturated & Non-polar Propane Saturated & Non-polar

H H H HHH Molecular formula: C6H14
H C C C C C C H Condensed formula: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
H H H HH H Hydrocarbon
Saturated & Non-polar
Alkenes
Contain carbon-carbon double bonds General formula: CnH2n
Molecular formula: C2H4
H H Condensed formula: CH2CH2
H H H H Molecular formula: C4H8
C C Hydrocarbon C C C C H Hydrocarbon
H H DB Unsaturated & Non-polar H H H Unsaturated & Non-polar
Ethene But-1-ene

H H HC H H H H H
H C CCCH H CCCC CH
H H HC H H H H HC H H
2,3-dimethlybut-2-ene 2-methlypenta-2,3-diene