All lectures combined
Inhoudsopgave
LECTURE 1 – Some ‘Whys’ and ‘Hows’ of Global Criminology..........................................................................2
(Why) do we need a global criminology?........................................................................................................ 2
Katja Franko – Globalization & crime (2020) 3rd edition....................................................................................12
Chapter 1.......................................................................................................................................................12
Chapter 10 – criminology between the National, Local and Global..............................................................14
Chapter 11.....................................................................................................................................................15
LECTURE 2 – Globalization & crime............................................................................................................... 17
Franko Aas, K. (2012). The earth is one, but the world is not: Criminological theory and its geopolitical
divisions. Theoretical Criminology, 16(1), 5-20..................................................................................................20
Swaaningen, R. van (2021). Cultural Biases in Criminology: a plea for situated knowledge, forthcoming in:
Edna Erez & Peter Ibarra (eds.) Oxford Encyclopedia of International Criminology. New York: Oxford
University Press, Download from Canvas...........................................................................................................21
Agozino, B. (2004). Imperialism, crime and criminology: towards a decolonisation of criminology, Crime, Law
& Social Change 41, 343– 358. Download from:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000025766.99876. 4c.......................................................24
Cole, B. & Chipaca, A. (2014). Juvenile delinquency in Angola, Criminology & Criminal Justice 14(1), 61-76.
Download from...................................................................................................................................................25
Carrington, K., Hogg, R. & Sozzo, M. (2016). Southern Criminology. British Journal of Criminology, 56(1): 1-20.
............................................................................................................................................................................28
LECTURE 3 – Criminology of the East: the case of Russia...............................................................................31
LECTURE 4 – Crimes against humanity and state terror.................................................................................38
Franko, K. (2019). Globalization and Crime. London: Sage. (Chapters 4, 5 & 7)................................................45
Chapter 4.......................................................................................................................................................45
Chapter 5.......................................................................................................................................................47
Chapter 7.......................................................................................................................................................50
Robben, A.C.G.M. (2012). From dirty war to genocide: Argentina's resistance to national reconciliation.
Memory Studies, 5, 305-315...............................................................................................................................53
LECTURE 5 – An exploration of the concept of violence.................................................................................54
Drymioti, M. (2019). The concept of violence in (times of) crisis: On structural, institutional and anti-
institutional violence. Tijdschrift over Cultuur en Criminaliteit, 9(2), 52–70......................................................60
Ruggiero, V. (2017). Political violence and crime, In Pontell, H. N. (Ed.) Oxford Research Encyclopedia of
Criminology and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press. Online version:
https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/22202/3/Political%2520violence%2520and %2520 crime.pdf................................62
LECTURE 6 – Global mobility........................................................................................................................ 63
(Young, 2007).....................................................................................................................................................67
LECTURE 7 – Introduction to Green Criminology – and the relation with the COVID-19 pandemic..................69
Benton, T. (1998). Rights and justice on a shared planet: More rights or new relations? Theoretical
Criminology, 2(2), 149-175.................................................................................................................................74
, Ruggiero, V. & South, N. (2013). Green criminology and crimes of the economy: Theory, research and praxis.
............................................................................................................................................................................77
Shearing, C, with responses from Nigel South and Rita Floyd (2015) Debate and Dialogue 2015: Criminology
and the Anthropocene,.......................................................................................................................................78
Franko, Katja (2019) Globalization and Crime. London: Sage. (Chapters 6 & 9)...............................................80
Chapter 6.......................................................................................................................................................80
Chapter 9.......................................................................................................................................................82
LECTURE 8 - Green criminology in the Amazon Rainforest.............................................................................85
Boekhout van Solinge, T. (2010a) Equatorial deforestation as a harmful practice and criminological issue. In
White R (ed.) Global Environmental Harm: Criminological Perspectives (pp. 20-36). Devon: Willan................91
Boekhout van Solinge, T. (2010b) Deforestation crimes and conflicts in the Amazon, Critical Criminology,
18(4), 263-277....................................................................................................................................................94
Boekhout van Solinge, T. (2013). The Amazon Rainforest: A green criminological perspective. In: Brisman, A.
and South, N. (eds.) Routledge International Handbook on Green Criminology (pp. 199-213). New York:
Routledge............................................................................................................................................................95
LECTURE 9 – Crime and digitalisation: exploring the intersection between cyberspace and meatspace.........96
Goldsmith, A. & Brewer, R. (2015). Digital drift and the criminal interaction order. Theoretical Criminology,
19(1), 112-130....................................................................................................................................................99
Wood, M. (2017). Antisocial media and algorithmic deviancy amplification: Analysing the id of Facebook’s
technological unconscious. Theoretical Criminology, 21(2), 168–185.............................................................104
Yar, M. (2012). Crime, media and the will-to-representation: Reconsidering relationships in the new media
age. Crime, Media Culture, 8(3), 245 – 260......................................................................................................106
LECTURE 10 – Digital Oppression How to control cyberspace?....................................................................108
Franko, K. (2019). Globalization and Crime. London: Sage. (Chapter 8)..........................................................114
Chapter 8.....................................................................................................................................................114
Glasius, M., & Michaelsen, M. (2018). Illiberal and Authoritarian Practices in the Digital Sphere: Prologue.
International Journal of Communication, 12, 3795–3813................................................................................117
Roberts, M E. (2020). Resilience to Online Censorship. Annual Review of Political Science, 23, 401-419.......119
LECTURE 11 – Cyborg crime and hybrid criminology....................................................................................122
LECTURE 12................................................................................................................................................ 128
Ambagtsheer, F., & Van Balen, L. (2019). ‘I’m not Sherlock Holmes’: Suspicions, secrecy and silence of
transplant professionals in the human organ trade. European Journal of Criminology.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370818825331.................................................................................................139
LECTURE 1 – Some ‘Whys’ and ‘Hows’ of Global
Criminology
(Why) do we need a global criminology?
Literature
- Swaaningen, R. van (2010). Critical Cosmopolitanism and Global Criminology’, in: D. Nelken
(red.) Comparative Criminal Justice and Globalization (pp. 125-144). Aldershot: Ashgate,
Download from Canvas.
, - Franko, K. (2019) Globalization and Crime. London: Sage. (Chapter 1, 10 & 11).
Important complex questions
1. Why should we do international research in criminology?
Global issues emerge (for example COVID-19 has shown us how quickly global problems spread),
cybercrime is not bound to 1 state, etc.
2. Different ways of ‘doing’ international research in criminology
3. Moving from international comparisons to global criminology
4. Developing a critical, cosmopolitan perspective (Franko’s perspective
- Katja Franko’s book red line: winners are the North and losers are the South (low paid
jobs).
Swaaningen, R. van (2010). Critical Cosmopolitanism and Global
Criminology’, in: D. Nelken (red.) Comparative Criminal Justice and
Globalization (pp. 125-144). Aldershot: Ashgate, Download from
Canvas (article was used as a base for the lecture?).
Criminology: a cosmopolitan start (late 19th century 60’s/70’s)
- In early years of criminology comparative perspective was common.
o 18th century Beccaria, Bentham, Guerry & Quetelet compared
legal systems. Durkheim said national borders cannot bind
criminology, because it is based on a general, sociological concept
of crime universal violations of moral norms that should be
investigated in different times/cultures.
o From 1970’s national orientation prevails in many countries
criminologie is an applied policy-oriented discipline. Policy is
traditionally developed at a national level, which causes criminology
to be developed along national lines.
- We use a lot of US-made theories, but generally orient our research at
national questions. A lot of times without even asking the question to what
extent foreign theories hold in a particular national context.
o Not much attention is being paid to national differences in culture,
structure, crime and jurisdiction.
Late 19th century (60’s/70’s) is when criminology starts as a discipline
Quetelet and Durkheim
- A cosmopolitan start; there was an international perspective by comparing
statistics of different states. Not empirical research in this early stage.
Wardak & Sheptycki, 2005 quote: “any criminology worthy of the name
should contain a comparative dimension. The contents of cultural
meanings that are loaded into the subject of criminology are too variable
to be otherwise”.
o Interesting because it speaks of the cultural meaning of criminology.
Countries give different cultural meanings to issues. Our knowledge
is specific, and it is wrong to take everything from American/English
authors.
o Taken for granted by Quetelet and Durkheim. French was the
dominant language
Second half 20th century: national orientations prevail
… once criminology got established as a discipline. Differs between countries, in
some states criminal law ‘provides’ for criminology research.
- Early 20th century; more empirical research; easier in national setting
close to home because travelling can be expensive/complicated.
, - Till WW II: Europe as a continent of colonial supremacy and of conflicts &
ethnocentrism they had the idea that they were the ‘wisest’ ‘most
intelligent’ so ‘why would they go to other countries anyway?’.
o The idea that you can learn from other cultures is important in this
course (!). We have to get rid of the idea of the elites where we only
look at our own or neighbor countries.
o We presuppose that theories are universal because we read them
from books written in the English language.
o After WW II this changed rapidly idea of supremacy not so
popular…? A lot of countries got their independence around the
50’s/60’s.
o With colonization we mean the more implicit colonialization.
- Since 1970’s: dominancy policy-oriented, applied science oriented at
national crime problems and national legislation and policy.
o In the Northwest we see that states require for scientific research in
order to develop policy.
- Finances for research predominantly at national level and in rich countries
only.
o States are willing to fund research that works for them… This causes
policy to focus on the national level; funding for the international
level is hard.
o This tendency for national research was until the 20 th century.
The state of coparative criminology in the 1980’s
Stanley Cohen, 1987: “up to now ‘comparative criminology’ has been a joke;
comparative criminology is what happens when Western criminologists get a
plane and write about is. It really is a joke. There’s no serious text which
examines (…) (the question) what is the effect of different political ideologies,
political economies or social structures on the way crime emerges”.
- He says that crime is not the independent variable; it is the product of
other factors in the country social inequality has a tremendous
correlation with the crime level! We have to dig deeper; why is the murder
level in country A so much higher/why are sentences in country B so much
higher?
- The ‘why-question’.
- This article question from 87 how valuable is this article for 2020?
o What changed over the last 33 years within criminology? Does this
imply that we now deal with social structures? Criminology has
New international interest
Last 2 decades renewed interest in international themes in criminology
different explanation possible:
- Not because of new genuine interest in other countries/cultures we can
observe growing nationalism, where foreigners are seen as trouble.
- Possibly caused by fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 a new world to
investigate.
o Huge expansion of the Council of Europe to 47 member-states with
820 million citizens. Fundamental change in the European
landscape.
- From 1990’s globalization has slowly entered criminology
international EU police and legal cooperation increased, and restrictions
were set to migration Fortress Europe.
Inhoudsopgave
LECTURE 1 – Some ‘Whys’ and ‘Hows’ of Global Criminology..........................................................................2
(Why) do we need a global criminology?........................................................................................................ 2
Katja Franko – Globalization & crime (2020) 3rd edition....................................................................................12
Chapter 1.......................................................................................................................................................12
Chapter 10 – criminology between the National, Local and Global..............................................................14
Chapter 11.....................................................................................................................................................15
LECTURE 2 – Globalization & crime............................................................................................................... 17
Franko Aas, K. (2012). The earth is one, but the world is not: Criminological theory and its geopolitical
divisions. Theoretical Criminology, 16(1), 5-20..................................................................................................20
Swaaningen, R. van (2021). Cultural Biases in Criminology: a plea for situated knowledge, forthcoming in:
Edna Erez & Peter Ibarra (eds.) Oxford Encyclopedia of International Criminology. New York: Oxford
University Press, Download from Canvas...........................................................................................................21
Agozino, B. (2004). Imperialism, crime and criminology: towards a decolonisation of criminology, Crime, Law
& Social Change 41, 343– 358. Download from:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000025766.99876. 4c.......................................................24
Cole, B. & Chipaca, A. (2014). Juvenile delinquency in Angola, Criminology & Criminal Justice 14(1), 61-76.
Download from...................................................................................................................................................25
Carrington, K., Hogg, R. & Sozzo, M. (2016). Southern Criminology. British Journal of Criminology, 56(1): 1-20.
............................................................................................................................................................................28
LECTURE 3 – Criminology of the East: the case of Russia...............................................................................31
LECTURE 4 – Crimes against humanity and state terror.................................................................................38
Franko, K. (2019). Globalization and Crime. London: Sage. (Chapters 4, 5 & 7)................................................45
Chapter 4.......................................................................................................................................................45
Chapter 5.......................................................................................................................................................47
Chapter 7.......................................................................................................................................................50
Robben, A.C.G.M. (2012). From dirty war to genocide: Argentina's resistance to national reconciliation.
Memory Studies, 5, 305-315...............................................................................................................................53
LECTURE 5 – An exploration of the concept of violence.................................................................................54
Drymioti, M. (2019). The concept of violence in (times of) crisis: On structural, institutional and anti-
institutional violence. Tijdschrift over Cultuur en Criminaliteit, 9(2), 52–70......................................................60
Ruggiero, V. (2017). Political violence and crime, In Pontell, H. N. (Ed.) Oxford Research Encyclopedia of
Criminology and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press. Online version:
https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/22202/3/Political%2520violence%2520and %2520 crime.pdf................................62
LECTURE 6 – Global mobility........................................................................................................................ 63
(Young, 2007).....................................................................................................................................................67
LECTURE 7 – Introduction to Green Criminology – and the relation with the COVID-19 pandemic..................69
Benton, T. (1998). Rights and justice on a shared planet: More rights or new relations? Theoretical
Criminology, 2(2), 149-175.................................................................................................................................74
, Ruggiero, V. & South, N. (2013). Green criminology and crimes of the economy: Theory, research and praxis.
............................................................................................................................................................................77
Shearing, C, with responses from Nigel South and Rita Floyd (2015) Debate and Dialogue 2015: Criminology
and the Anthropocene,.......................................................................................................................................78
Franko, Katja (2019) Globalization and Crime. London: Sage. (Chapters 6 & 9)...............................................80
Chapter 6.......................................................................................................................................................80
Chapter 9.......................................................................................................................................................82
LECTURE 8 - Green criminology in the Amazon Rainforest.............................................................................85
Boekhout van Solinge, T. (2010a) Equatorial deforestation as a harmful practice and criminological issue. In
White R (ed.) Global Environmental Harm: Criminological Perspectives (pp. 20-36). Devon: Willan................91
Boekhout van Solinge, T. (2010b) Deforestation crimes and conflicts in the Amazon, Critical Criminology,
18(4), 263-277....................................................................................................................................................94
Boekhout van Solinge, T. (2013). The Amazon Rainforest: A green criminological perspective. In: Brisman, A.
and South, N. (eds.) Routledge International Handbook on Green Criminology (pp. 199-213). New York:
Routledge............................................................................................................................................................95
LECTURE 9 – Crime and digitalisation: exploring the intersection between cyberspace and meatspace.........96
Goldsmith, A. & Brewer, R. (2015). Digital drift and the criminal interaction order. Theoretical Criminology,
19(1), 112-130....................................................................................................................................................99
Wood, M. (2017). Antisocial media and algorithmic deviancy amplification: Analysing the id of Facebook’s
technological unconscious. Theoretical Criminology, 21(2), 168–185.............................................................104
Yar, M. (2012). Crime, media and the will-to-representation: Reconsidering relationships in the new media
age. Crime, Media Culture, 8(3), 245 – 260......................................................................................................106
LECTURE 10 – Digital Oppression How to control cyberspace?....................................................................108
Franko, K. (2019). Globalization and Crime. London: Sage. (Chapter 8)..........................................................114
Chapter 8.....................................................................................................................................................114
Glasius, M., & Michaelsen, M. (2018). Illiberal and Authoritarian Practices in the Digital Sphere: Prologue.
International Journal of Communication, 12, 3795–3813................................................................................117
Roberts, M E. (2020). Resilience to Online Censorship. Annual Review of Political Science, 23, 401-419.......119
LECTURE 11 – Cyborg crime and hybrid criminology....................................................................................122
LECTURE 12................................................................................................................................................ 128
Ambagtsheer, F., & Van Balen, L. (2019). ‘I’m not Sherlock Holmes’: Suspicions, secrecy and silence of
transplant professionals in the human organ trade. European Journal of Criminology.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370818825331.................................................................................................139
LECTURE 1 – Some ‘Whys’ and ‘Hows’ of Global
Criminology
(Why) do we need a global criminology?
Literature
- Swaaningen, R. van (2010). Critical Cosmopolitanism and Global Criminology’, in: D. Nelken
(red.) Comparative Criminal Justice and Globalization (pp. 125-144). Aldershot: Ashgate,
Download from Canvas.
, - Franko, K. (2019) Globalization and Crime. London: Sage. (Chapter 1, 10 & 11).
Important complex questions
1. Why should we do international research in criminology?
Global issues emerge (for example COVID-19 has shown us how quickly global problems spread),
cybercrime is not bound to 1 state, etc.
2. Different ways of ‘doing’ international research in criminology
3. Moving from international comparisons to global criminology
4. Developing a critical, cosmopolitan perspective (Franko’s perspective
- Katja Franko’s book red line: winners are the North and losers are the South (low paid
jobs).
Swaaningen, R. van (2010). Critical Cosmopolitanism and Global
Criminology’, in: D. Nelken (red.) Comparative Criminal Justice and
Globalization (pp. 125-144). Aldershot: Ashgate, Download from
Canvas (article was used as a base for the lecture?).
Criminology: a cosmopolitan start (late 19th century 60’s/70’s)
- In early years of criminology comparative perspective was common.
o 18th century Beccaria, Bentham, Guerry & Quetelet compared
legal systems. Durkheim said national borders cannot bind
criminology, because it is based on a general, sociological concept
of crime universal violations of moral norms that should be
investigated in different times/cultures.
o From 1970’s national orientation prevails in many countries
criminologie is an applied policy-oriented discipline. Policy is
traditionally developed at a national level, which causes criminology
to be developed along national lines.
- We use a lot of US-made theories, but generally orient our research at
national questions. A lot of times without even asking the question to what
extent foreign theories hold in a particular national context.
o Not much attention is being paid to national differences in culture,
structure, crime and jurisdiction.
Late 19th century (60’s/70’s) is when criminology starts as a discipline
Quetelet and Durkheim
- A cosmopolitan start; there was an international perspective by comparing
statistics of different states. Not empirical research in this early stage.
Wardak & Sheptycki, 2005 quote: “any criminology worthy of the name
should contain a comparative dimension. The contents of cultural
meanings that are loaded into the subject of criminology are too variable
to be otherwise”.
o Interesting because it speaks of the cultural meaning of criminology.
Countries give different cultural meanings to issues. Our knowledge
is specific, and it is wrong to take everything from American/English
authors.
o Taken for granted by Quetelet and Durkheim. French was the
dominant language
Second half 20th century: national orientations prevail
… once criminology got established as a discipline. Differs between countries, in
some states criminal law ‘provides’ for criminology research.
- Early 20th century; more empirical research; easier in national setting
close to home because travelling can be expensive/complicated.
, - Till WW II: Europe as a continent of colonial supremacy and of conflicts &
ethnocentrism they had the idea that they were the ‘wisest’ ‘most
intelligent’ so ‘why would they go to other countries anyway?’.
o The idea that you can learn from other cultures is important in this
course (!). We have to get rid of the idea of the elites where we only
look at our own or neighbor countries.
o We presuppose that theories are universal because we read them
from books written in the English language.
o After WW II this changed rapidly idea of supremacy not so
popular…? A lot of countries got their independence around the
50’s/60’s.
o With colonization we mean the more implicit colonialization.
- Since 1970’s: dominancy policy-oriented, applied science oriented at
national crime problems and national legislation and policy.
o In the Northwest we see that states require for scientific research in
order to develop policy.
- Finances for research predominantly at national level and in rich countries
only.
o States are willing to fund research that works for them… This causes
policy to focus on the national level; funding for the international
level is hard.
o This tendency for national research was until the 20 th century.
The state of coparative criminology in the 1980’s
Stanley Cohen, 1987: “up to now ‘comparative criminology’ has been a joke;
comparative criminology is what happens when Western criminologists get a
plane and write about is. It really is a joke. There’s no serious text which
examines (…) (the question) what is the effect of different political ideologies,
political economies or social structures on the way crime emerges”.
- He says that crime is not the independent variable; it is the product of
other factors in the country social inequality has a tremendous
correlation with the crime level! We have to dig deeper; why is the murder
level in country A so much higher/why are sentences in country B so much
higher?
- The ‘why-question’.
- This article question from 87 how valuable is this article for 2020?
o What changed over the last 33 years within criminology? Does this
imply that we now deal with social structures? Criminology has
New international interest
Last 2 decades renewed interest in international themes in criminology
different explanation possible:
- Not because of new genuine interest in other countries/cultures we can
observe growing nationalism, where foreigners are seen as trouble.
- Possibly caused by fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 a new world to
investigate.
o Huge expansion of the Council of Europe to 47 member-states with
820 million citizens. Fundamental change in the European
landscape.
- From 1990’s globalization has slowly entered criminology
international EU police and legal cooperation increased, and restrictions
were set to migration Fortress Europe.
