Roach’s Introductory Clinical Pharmacology 11th edition By Ford (All chapters complete, Newly Updated 2023)

Roach’s Introductory Clinical Pharmacology 11th edition By Ford Roach’s Introductory Clinical Pharmacology 11th edition By Ford (All chapters complete, Newly Updated 2023) Table of Contents Roach’s Introductory Clinical Pharmacology 11th edition 1. Nursing Foundation of Clinical Pharmacology 2. Drugs Used to Fight Infections 3. Drugs Used to Manage Pain 4. Drugs that Affect the Central Nervous System 5. Drugs that Affect the Peripheral Nervous System 6. Drugs that Affect the Neuromuscular System 7. Drugs that Affect the Respiratory System 8. Drugs that Affect the Cardiovascular System 9. Drugs that Affect the Gastrointestinal System 10. Drugs the Affect the Endocrine System 11. Drugs the Affect the Urinary System 12. Drugs the Affect the Immune System 13. Drugs the Affect Other Body Systems Page 3 1. A nursing instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of nursing students about pharmacology. When describing this topic, the instructor would focus the discussion onwhich of the following as an essential aspect? A) Drug name B) Drug class C) Drug action D) Drug sourceAns: C Feedback: Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their action on living organisms. Thus, an essential aspect of pharmacology is drug action. An understanding of the drug name,drug class, and drug source is important, but the most critical aspect related to pharmacology is how the drug acts in the body. 2. A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient. The student reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be thebest choice for obtaining this information? Select all that apply. A) Nursing instructor B) Nurse assigned to the patient C) Clinical drug reference D) Prescribing health care provider E) Clinical pharmacistAns: C, E Feedback: Although the nursing student can ask the nursing instructor, the nurse assigned to the patient, and the prescribing health care provider for information about the drug, the bestchoices for drug information would include an appropriate drug reference and the clinical pharmacist. 3. When describing the various types of medications to a group of nursing students, anursing instructor would identify which of the following as a source for deriving medications? Select all that apply. A) Plants Page 4 B) Synthetic sources C) Mold D) Minerals E) Animals Ans: A, B, C, D, EFeedback: Medications are derived from natural sources, for example, plants, molds, minerals, andanimals, as well as created synthetically in a laboratory. Page 5 4. Which of the following names may be assigned to a drug during the process ofdevelopment? Select all that apply. A) Chemical name B) Official name C) Pharmacologic name D) Trade name E) Nonproprietary nameAns: A, B, D, E Feedback: Throughout the process of development, drugs may have several names assigned to them including a chemical name, a generic (nonproprietary) name, an official name, anda trade or brand name. 5. A drug may be classified by which of the following? Select all that apply. A) The chemical type of the drug's active ingredient B) The way the drug is used to treat a specific condition C) The generic name of the drug D) The trade name of the drug E) The nonproprietary name of the drugAns: A, B Feedback: A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it isused to treat a particular condition. Generic, trade, and nonproprietary refer to how a drug is named. 6. A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the process of drug development in the United States. The students demonstrate understanding of this process when they identify that which of the following categories are assigned by theFood and Drug Administration to newly approved drugs? Select all that apply. A) Metabolite B) Noncontrolled substance C) Prescription D) Nonprescription E) Controlled substanceAns: C, D, E Feedback: Once drugs are approved for use, the FDA assigns the drug to one of the following categories: prescription, nonprescription, or controlled Page 6 substance. Metabolite refers tothe inactive form of the drug. Noncontrolled substance is a term that is not used. Page 7 7. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do to ensure the safeuse of prescription drugs in the institutional setting? Select all that apply. A) Administering drugs B) Monitoring clients for drug effects C) Prescribing drugs D) Evaluating clients for toxic effects E) Educating clients/caregivers about drugsAns: A, B, D, E Feedback: In the institutional setting, the nurse's role to ensure safe use of prescription drugs includes administering drugs, monitoring drug effects, evaluating for toxic effects, andeducating clients and caregivers about drugs. 8. The nurse is helping a client review a prescription from the health care provider. Whenexamining the prescription, which of the following would the nurse expect to find documented? Select all that apply. A) Name of the drug B) Dosage of the drug C) Route of drug administration D) Times of drug administration E) Licensed prescriber's signatureAns: A, B, C, D, E Feedback: The prescription must contain the client's name, the name of the drug, the dosage, themethod and times of administration, and the signature of the licensed health care provider prescribing the drug. 9. After teaching a group of nursing students about nonprescription drugs, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify whichof the following? Select all that apply. A) They require a licensed health care provider's signature. B) They are referred to as over-the-counter drugs. C) They can be taken without risk to the client. D) They have certain labeling requirements. E) They should be taken only as directed on the label.Ans: B, D, E Feedback: Page 8 Nonprescription drugs are often referred to as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. They do not require a prescription (a licensed health care provider's signature) but do not come without risk to the client. The federal government has imposed labeling requirements ofOTC drugs and they should only be taken as directed on the label unless under the supervision of a health care provider. Page 9 10. A nursing student is reviewing information about the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The student would expect to find which of the following as being regulated fordrugs classified as controlled substances? Select all that apply. A) Manufacturing B) Elimination C) Distribution D) Formulation E) Dispensi ngAns: A, C, E Feedback: The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of drugs classified as controlled substances. Elimination refers to the excretion of drugs from the body, a pharmacokinetic activity. The act does not addressformulation of the drug. 11. When reviewing information about the Orphan Drug Program, which of the followingwould the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. A) The program encourages the development and marketing of products to treat rarediseases. B) The program grants provisional approval with a written commitment from thedrug company to formally demonstrate client benefits. C) The program provides for incentives, such as research grants, protocol assistance,and special tax credits, to develop products to treat rare diseases. D) The program grants 7 years of exclusive marketing rights to the manufacturer ifapproved. E) The program accelerates approval of drugs based on preliminary evidence beforeformal demonstration of client benefits. Ans: A, C, D Feedback: The Orphan Drug Program encourages the development and marketing of products usedto treat rare diseases. The program provides incentives to encourage manufacturers to develop orphan drugs, and if approved, the manufacturer has 7 years of exclusive marketing rights. Accelerated programs involve provisional approval and approval based on preliminary evidence. Page 10 12. After teaching a group of nursing students about pharmacokinetics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of thefollowing as a phase? Select all that apply. A) Absorption B) Distribution C) Administration D) Metabolism E) Excretio n Ans: A, B, D, E Feedback: The pharmacokinetic phases are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.The acronym ADME is a helpful way to remember the pharmacokinetic phases. 13. A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is prescribed an oral medication.As part of the plan, the nurse expects to describe the importance of absorption. The nurse would integrate knowledge of which of the following as a mechanism for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract? Select all that apply. A) Active transport B) Transposition C) Passive transport D) Endocytosis E) Pinocytos isAns: A, C, E Feedback: During absorption, the drug particles in the GI tract are moved into the body fluids viaactive transport, passive transport, and pinocytosis. 14. After teaching a group of nursing students about the half-life of a drug, the instructordetermines the need for additional teaching when the students identify which of the following as true? Select all that apply: A) Half-life can be decreased in clients with renal disease. B) Half-life can help determine dosing frequency. C) Half-life does not change throughout a client's life. D) Liver disease can increase half-life. E) Half-life is the measure of the rate at which drugs are removed Page 11 from the body.Ans: A, C Feedback: Half-life is the measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body, and anydifficulty in excreting a drug increases half-life, including liver or kidney disease or advanced age. Page 12 15. A nurse is assessing a client after administering a prescribed medication. Which of thefollowing would alert the nurse to suspect that the client is developing anaphylactic shock? Select all that apply. A) Bradycardia B) Hypertension C) Dyspnea D) Urticaria E) Angioede maAns: C, D, E Feedback: The symptoms of anaphylactic shock are dyspnea, feeling of fullness in the throat, cough, wheezing, extremely low blood pressure, tachycardia (heart rate >100 bpm), palpitations, syncope, cardiac arrest, urticaria, angioedema, pruritus, sweating, nausea,vomiting, and abdominal pain. 16. Which of the following would the nurse identify as a factor that alters drug response inchildren and infants? Select all that apply. A) Slower gastric emptying B) Greater surface area C) Less protein binding D) Decreased body water content E) Less cutaneous fatAns: A, B, C, E Feedback: Children and infants are not small adults; therefore, they have altered pharmacokinetics.Factors that alter pharmacokinetics in children include slower gastric emptying, less cutaneous fat, greater surface area, increased body water content, less protein binding, and immature hepatic and renal function. 17. The FDA established a safety information and adverse events reporting program called MedWatch. Which individuals can access the MedWatch website to obtain safety alerts on drugs, devices, or dietary supplements? Select all that apply. A) Physicians B) Nurses C) Patients D) Pharmacists E) Caregivers Page 13 Ans: A, B, C, D, EFeedback: Anyone can access the MedWatch website to obtain safety alerts on drugs, devices, ordietary supplements. Page 14 18. A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed medication to a client. The nurse integrates knowledge of which of the following as a possible factor that could influencethe drug response? Select all that apply