CALT Exam 2026/2027 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
• Orton-Gillingham Approach -✓✓ instruction that is multisensory, sequential,
incremental, cumulative, individualized, phonics-based, and explicit.
• CTOPP (Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing) -✓✓ assesses
phonological awareness, phonological memory and rapid naming.
• TOWRE2- test of word reading efficiency -✓✓ - ages 6-24- measures sight-word
efficiency (ability to pronounce printed words), phonetic-decoding efficiency (ability to
pronounce phonemically regular non-words),
• DIBELS (Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) -✓✓ a set of procedures
and measures for assessing the acquisition of early literacy skills. They are designed to
be short (one minute) fluency measures used to regularly monitor the development of
early literacy and early reading skills.
• Brigance -✓✓ a series of 12 assessments, including language development, science
and math proficiencies and gross motor skills.
• AimsWeb -✓✓ a benchmark and progress monitoring system based on direct,
frequent. and continuous student assessment using brief, accurate measures of
reading, math, spelling, and writing.
• Tier 1 Vocabulary -✓✓ Basic words-- rarely require direct instruction and do not
typically have multiple meanings.
• Tier 2 Vocabulary -✓✓ Vocabulary words that occur across a variety of domains and
are important for direct instruction.High Frequency/ Multiple Meaning Vocabulary.
• Tier 3 Vocabulary -✓✓ Vocabulary words that are specific to domains (i.e. jargon). Low
Frequency/ Context Specific Vocabulary.
• Decoding -✓✓ the process of translating print into speech by rapidly matching a letter
or combination of letters (graphemes) to their sounds (phonemes)
• Encoding -✓✓ the process of hearing a sound and being able to write a symbol to
represent that sound.
• Segmenting -✓✓ Separating the individual phonemes, or sounds, or syllables of a
word into discrete units.
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
• Orton-Gillingham Approach -✓✓ instruction that is multisensory, sequential,
incremental, cumulative, individualized, phonics-based, and explicit.
• CTOPP (Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing) -✓✓ assesses
phonological awareness, phonological memory and rapid naming.
• TOWRE2- test of word reading efficiency -✓✓ - ages 6-24- measures sight-word
efficiency (ability to pronounce printed words), phonetic-decoding efficiency (ability to
pronounce phonemically regular non-words),
• DIBELS (Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) -✓✓ a set of procedures
and measures for assessing the acquisition of early literacy skills. They are designed to
be short (one minute) fluency measures used to regularly monitor the development of
early literacy and early reading skills.
• Brigance -✓✓ a series of 12 assessments, including language development, science
and math proficiencies and gross motor skills.
• AimsWeb -✓✓ a benchmark and progress monitoring system based on direct,
frequent. and continuous student assessment using brief, accurate measures of
reading, math, spelling, and writing.
• Tier 1 Vocabulary -✓✓ Basic words-- rarely require direct instruction and do not
typically have multiple meanings.
• Tier 2 Vocabulary -✓✓ Vocabulary words that occur across a variety of domains and
are important for direct instruction.High Frequency/ Multiple Meaning Vocabulary.
• Tier 3 Vocabulary -✓✓ Vocabulary words that are specific to domains (i.e. jargon). Low
Frequency/ Context Specific Vocabulary.
• Decoding -✓✓ the process of translating print into speech by rapidly matching a letter
or combination of letters (graphemes) to their sounds (phonemes)
• Encoding -✓✓ the process of hearing a sound and being able to write a symbol to
represent that sound.
• Segmenting -✓✓ Separating the individual phonemes, or sounds, or syllables of a
word into discrete units.
