PNR 201/PNR201 Exam 2 V1 | Medical-Surgical
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with right-sided heart failure. Which clinical
manifestation should the nurse expect to find during the assessment?
A. Jugular venous distention
B. Pulmonary crackles
C. Orthopnea
D. Pink frothy sputum
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion because the
right ventricle cannot pump effectively to the lungs. This results in symptoms such as
jugular venous distention, peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly. Pulmonary crackles and
pink frothy sputum are characteristic of left-sided heart failure, which involves backup into
the lungs.
2. A patient is prescribed Albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) for asthma. What is the
primary mechanism of action for this medication?
A. Bronchodilation through beta-2 agonism
B. Thinning bronchial secretions
C. Reducing airway inflammation
,D. Blocking histamine receptors
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that triggers the relaxation
of smooth muscle in the bronchioles. This action leads to rapid bronchodilation, which
helps relieve acute bronchospasms during an asthma attack. It is considered a rescue
medication rather than a long-term anti-inflammatory agent like corticosteroids.
3. Which lab value is most critical for a nurse to monitor in a patient receiving Furosemide
(Lasix) for the treatment of hypertension and edema?
A. Serum Sodium
B. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
C. Serum Calcium
D. Serum Potassium
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of water, sodium,
and potassium from the kidneys. Hypokalemia is a common and potentially life-threatening
side effect that can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse must monitor potassium levels
closely and encourage the intake of potassium-rich foods or supplements as ordered.
4. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents with a blood glucose of 50 mg/dL,
shakiness, and diaphoresis. Which intervention is the nurse’s priority?
A. Administer 15 grams of simple carbohydrates
, B. Administer the scheduled dose of Lispro insulin
C. Call the provider for an order of D5W IV
D. Provide a high-protein snack immediately
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The patient is experiencing hypoglycemia, which requires immediate
treatment according to the ‘Rule of 15’. The nurse should provide 15 grams of fast-acting
carbohydrates, such as 4 ounces of orange juice, to quickly raise the blood glucose level.
After 15 minutes, the glucose should be rechecked to ensure it has returned to a safe range.
5. What is the primary educational goal for a patient newly prescribed Lisinopril for
hypertension?
A. The patient will rise slowly from a sitting or lying position
B. The patient will stop taking the drug if a dry cough develops
C. The patient will increase their intake of potassium-rich foods
D. The patient will limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause orthostatic hypotension,
increasing the risk of falls. Patients should be taught to change positions slowly to allow
their blood pressure to adjust. While a dry cough is a side effect, patients should consult
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with right-sided heart failure. Which clinical
manifestation should the nurse expect to find during the assessment?
A. Jugular venous distention
B. Pulmonary crackles
C. Orthopnea
D. Pink frothy sputum
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion because the
right ventricle cannot pump effectively to the lungs. This results in symptoms such as
jugular venous distention, peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly. Pulmonary crackles and
pink frothy sputum are characteristic of left-sided heart failure, which involves backup into
the lungs.
2. A patient is prescribed Albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) for asthma. What is the
primary mechanism of action for this medication?
A. Bronchodilation through beta-2 agonism
B. Thinning bronchial secretions
C. Reducing airway inflammation
,D. Blocking histamine receptors
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that triggers the relaxation
of smooth muscle in the bronchioles. This action leads to rapid bronchodilation, which
helps relieve acute bronchospasms during an asthma attack. It is considered a rescue
medication rather than a long-term anti-inflammatory agent like corticosteroids.
3. Which lab value is most critical for a nurse to monitor in a patient receiving Furosemide
(Lasix) for the treatment of hypertension and edema?
A. Serum Sodium
B. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
C. Serum Calcium
D. Serum Potassium
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of water, sodium,
and potassium from the kidneys. Hypokalemia is a common and potentially life-threatening
side effect that can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse must monitor potassium levels
closely and encourage the intake of potassium-rich foods or supplements as ordered.
4. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents with a blood glucose of 50 mg/dL,
shakiness, and diaphoresis. Which intervention is the nurse’s priority?
A. Administer 15 grams of simple carbohydrates
, B. Administer the scheduled dose of Lispro insulin
C. Call the provider for an order of D5W IV
D. Provide a high-protein snack immediately
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The patient is experiencing hypoglycemia, which requires immediate
treatment according to the ‘Rule of 15’. The nurse should provide 15 grams of fast-acting
carbohydrates, such as 4 ounces of orange juice, to quickly raise the blood glucose level.
After 15 minutes, the glucose should be rechecked to ensure it has returned to a safe range.
5. What is the primary educational goal for a patient newly prescribed Lisinopril for
hypertension?
A. The patient will rise slowly from a sitting or lying position
B. The patient will stop taking the drug if a dry cough develops
C. The patient will increase their intake of potassium-rich foods
D. The patient will limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause orthostatic hypotension,
increasing the risk of falls. Patients should be taught to change positions slowly to allow
their blood pressure to adjust. While a dry cough is a side effect, patients should consult
