PNR 202/PNR202 Exam 1 V3 | Intravenous
Therapy Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is preparing to administer 0.9% Normal Saline. Which classification of IV fluid is
this?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Colloid
D. Isotonic
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Isotonic solutions have the same osmolarity as body fluids and do not cause a
shift of fluid into or out of cells. Normal saline is commonly used for extracellular fluid
replacement. It is frequently indicated for patients with hypotension or hypovolemia.
2. A patient’s IV site is cool to the touch, swollen, and the infusion has slowed. Which
complication is most likely?
A. Phlebitis
B. Thrombosis
C. Infiltration
D. Infection
,Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Infiltration occurs when non-vesicant IV fluid leaks into the surrounding
subcutaneous tissue. Common signs include coolness, swelling, and decreased flow rate at
the site. The nurse should immediately stop the infusion and remove the catheter.
3. What is the primary purpose of using a microdrip tubing set (60 gtt/mL)?
A. To deliver small, precise amounts of fluid
B. To administer blood products
C. To deliver large volumes of fluid quickly
D. To prevent air embolism
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Microdrip tubing is designed for high precision when administering small
volumes or medications. It is most commonly used in pediatric or geriatric settings where
fluid volume must be strictly controlled. The drop factor for microdrip is always 60 drops
per milliliter.
4. A nurse notes a red streak following the vein path and warmth at the IV site. Which action
is appropriate?
A. Slow the infusion rate
B. Apply a cold compress and keep the IV
C. Discontinue the IV and apply a warm compress
, D. Flush the line with heparin
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: These symptoms indicate phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein wall.
The IV must be discontinued to prevent further damage or progression to
thrombophlebitis. Applying a warm compress can help soothe the inflammation and
increase circulation to the area.
5. Which solution is considered hypotonic?
A. 5% Albumin
B. Lactated Ringer’s
C. 5% Dextrose in 0.9% NS
D. 0.45% Sodium Chloride
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Hypotonic solutions have a lower osmolarity than plasma, causing fluid to
move from the vascular space into the cells. 0.45% Sodium Chloride (half-normal saline) is
a common hypotonic solution. It is used to treat cellular dehydration but must be
monitored carefully to prevent cerebral edema.
6. What gauge needle is typically recommended for blood transfusions to prevent hemolysis?
A. 24 gauge
B. 22 gauge
Therapy Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is preparing to administer 0.9% Normal Saline. Which classification of IV fluid is
this?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Colloid
D. Isotonic
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Isotonic solutions have the same osmolarity as body fluids and do not cause a
shift of fluid into or out of cells. Normal saline is commonly used for extracellular fluid
replacement. It is frequently indicated for patients with hypotension or hypovolemia.
2. A patient’s IV site is cool to the touch, swollen, and the infusion has slowed. Which
complication is most likely?
A. Phlebitis
B. Thrombosis
C. Infiltration
D. Infection
,Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Infiltration occurs when non-vesicant IV fluid leaks into the surrounding
subcutaneous tissue. Common signs include coolness, swelling, and decreased flow rate at
the site. The nurse should immediately stop the infusion and remove the catheter.
3. What is the primary purpose of using a microdrip tubing set (60 gtt/mL)?
A. To deliver small, precise amounts of fluid
B. To administer blood products
C. To deliver large volumes of fluid quickly
D. To prevent air embolism
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Microdrip tubing is designed for high precision when administering small
volumes or medications. It is most commonly used in pediatric or geriatric settings where
fluid volume must be strictly controlled. The drop factor for microdrip is always 60 drops
per milliliter.
4. A nurse notes a red streak following the vein path and warmth at the IV site. Which action
is appropriate?
A. Slow the infusion rate
B. Apply a cold compress and keep the IV
C. Discontinue the IV and apply a warm compress
, D. Flush the line with heparin
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: These symptoms indicate phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein wall.
The IV must be discontinued to prevent further damage or progression to
thrombophlebitis. Applying a warm compress can help soothe the inflammation and
increase circulation to the area.
5. Which solution is considered hypotonic?
A. 5% Albumin
B. Lactated Ringer’s
C. 5% Dextrose in 0.9% NS
D. 0.45% Sodium Chloride
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Hypotonic solutions have a lower osmolarity than plasma, causing fluid to
move from the vascular space into the cells. 0.45% Sodium Chloride (half-normal saline) is
a common hypotonic solution. It is used to treat cellular dehydration but must be
monitored carefully to prevent cerebral edema.
6. What gauge needle is typically recommended for blood transfusions to prevent hemolysis?
A. 24 gauge
B. 22 gauge
