Hematology Actual Questions and Correct Answers
Q1
What is anemia?
Answer: Anemia is a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells (RBCs),
hemoglobin, and hematocrit, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
Q2
What are the broad classifications of anemias?
Answer: Anemias can be classified into blood loss, decreased or impaired production,
and increased destruction of RBCs.
Q3
What are the symptoms of anemia?
Answer: Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, jaundice, bruising (petechiae),
enlarged spleen and/or liver, and neurological abnormalities.
Q4
What factors influence the symptoms of anemia?
Answer: Symptoms depend on the rate of onset, severity of blood loss, and the body's
ability to adapt.
Q5
What is the significance of a complete physical examination in anemia evaluation?
Answer: A complete physical examination helps to assess the patient's overall health
and identify potential causes of anemia.
Q6
What laboratory tests are commonly performed to evaluate anemia?
Answer: Common tests include CBC, reticulocyte count, iron studies, B12 and folate
levels, and sometimes bone marrow evaluation.
, Q7
What is the morphologic classification of anemias?
Answer: Morphologic classification categorizes anemias based on red blood cell
morphology as macrocytic, normocytic, or microcytic.
Q8
What are the characteristics of microcytic anemia?
Answer: Microcytic anemia is characterized by low MCV and MCHC, often associated
with iron deficiency or thalassemia.
Q9
What defines macrocytic anemia?
Answer: Macrocytic anemia is defined by high MCV, typically due to vitamin B12 or
folate deficiency.
Q10
What is the difference between hyperproliferative and hypoproliferative anemias?
Answer: Hyperproliferative anemias involve excessive destruction or loss of RBCs,
while hypoproliferative anemias involve decreased or impaired production of RBCs.
Q11
What are common causes of hemolytic anemia?
Answer: Causes include intrinsic defects (e.g., membrane defects, enzyme
deficiencies) and extrinsic factors (e.g., mechanical destruction, toxins).
Q12
What is the primary mechanism of extravascular hemolysis?
Answer: In extravascular hemolysis, RBCs are phagocytized by macrophages in the
spleen and liver.
Q13
What laboratory findings are associated with extravascular hemolysis?
Answer: Increased unconjugated bilirubin in serum, increased urobilinogen in urine,
and spherocytes in peripheral blood smear.
Q1
What is anemia?
Answer: Anemia is a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells (RBCs),
hemoglobin, and hematocrit, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
Q2
What are the broad classifications of anemias?
Answer: Anemias can be classified into blood loss, decreased or impaired production,
and increased destruction of RBCs.
Q3
What are the symptoms of anemia?
Answer: Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, jaundice, bruising (petechiae),
enlarged spleen and/or liver, and neurological abnormalities.
Q4
What factors influence the symptoms of anemia?
Answer: Symptoms depend on the rate of onset, severity of blood loss, and the body's
ability to adapt.
Q5
What is the significance of a complete physical examination in anemia evaluation?
Answer: A complete physical examination helps to assess the patient's overall health
and identify potential causes of anemia.
Q6
What laboratory tests are commonly performed to evaluate anemia?
Answer: Common tests include CBC, reticulocyte count, iron studies, B12 and folate
levels, and sometimes bone marrow evaluation.
, Q7
What is the morphologic classification of anemias?
Answer: Morphologic classification categorizes anemias based on red blood cell
morphology as macrocytic, normocytic, or microcytic.
Q8
What are the characteristics of microcytic anemia?
Answer: Microcytic anemia is characterized by low MCV and MCHC, often associated
with iron deficiency or thalassemia.
Q9
What defines macrocytic anemia?
Answer: Macrocytic anemia is defined by high MCV, typically due to vitamin B12 or
folate deficiency.
Q10
What is the difference between hyperproliferative and hypoproliferative anemias?
Answer: Hyperproliferative anemias involve excessive destruction or loss of RBCs,
while hypoproliferative anemias involve decreased or impaired production of RBCs.
Q11
What are common causes of hemolytic anemia?
Answer: Causes include intrinsic defects (e.g., membrane defects, enzyme
deficiencies) and extrinsic factors (e.g., mechanical destruction, toxins).
Q12
What is the primary mechanism of extravascular hemolysis?
Answer: In extravascular hemolysis, RBCs are phagocytized by macrophages in the
spleen and liver.
Q13
What laboratory findings are associated with extravascular hemolysis?
Answer: Increased unconjugated bilirubin in serum, increased urobilinogen in urine,
and spherocytes in peripheral blood smear.
