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Lecture 1: What is the problem with high Indoor relative humidity
and how is it solved?
Result: mold, poor indoor air quality. Solution: ventilation,
dehumidification, buffering materials
Lecture 1: Name the 5 conditions that together trigger mold growth
1) relative humidity above 80 percent as a monthly average 2)
temperature above 5 degrees Celsius 3) nutrients 4) oxygen 5)
mold spores
Lecture 1: What is Capillary rise?
Water that rises capillary through the foundation or ground into the
wall, usually because a water barrier is missing
,Lecture 1: Leakage, what consequences and solution does the
lecture mention?
Consequence: salt efflorescence, render degradation, poor indoor
air quality. Solution: liquid water barrier, drying by ventilation
Lecture 1: Into how many main categories is Degradation divided
and which are they?
3 categories: physical, chemical, biological
Lecture 1: What percentage of all building damage is directly or
indirectly related to moisture, according to the lecture?
Around 70 percent
Lecture 1: Is moisture harmful by definition? Explain briefly
No. Example: a brick wall that gets wet from rain on purpose is not
a problem. It becomes harmful when, for example, the inside of a
wall gets wet or wooden window frames start rotting
,Lecture 1: Name the 3 reasons why water promotes building
damage
1) excellent solvent 2) efficient chemical catalyst 3) prerequisite for
biological activity
Lecture 1: Physical degradation, name the 4 types of stress that
cause it
1) Mechanical stress 2) Hygric stress 3) Thermal stress 4)
Crystallization stress
Lecture 1: Mechanical stress, name 3 examples
1) snow load 2) ponding, water accumulation on a roof 3) moisture
load, e.g. water uptake by a gypsum ceiling
Lecture 1: What is Hygric stress and what happens when
deformation is restrained?
Material shrinks or swells with changes in moisture content. If the
deformation is restrained, cracking (tension) or buckling
(compression) occurs
, Lecture 1: What is Thermal stress and how can it be prevented?
Expansion due to temperature change, causes buckling or cracking
if restrained. Solution: install expansion joints and combine
materials with matching thermal expansion coefficients
Lecture 1: What is Crystallization stress?
Water expands when it freezes. Since the pore volume is limited,
stresses develop that cause damage once they exceed the material
strength
Lecture 1: Name the 4 forms of Crystallization stress
1) Freeze-thaw damage 2) Frost scaling 3) Salt weathering 4) Salt
efflorescence
Lecture 1: By what percentage more volume does ice occupy
compared to the same mass of liquid water?
About 9 percent more volume