Adapted from - Exploring IT: THEORY (Funworks Publication)
Complete Notes
IT Theory - Grade 10
LU1 Data Representation and Storage
1. Decimal, Binary and Hexadecimal Number Systems
2. Number of Combinations for Number of Bits
3. Data Storage
4. Digital Representation of Numbers
5. Digital Character Representation
6. Storing Screen Data
LU2 Overview of a Computer
1. Hardware and Software
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
3. Data and Information
4. Computer System Types
5. Operating Systems
6. Application Software
7. Data Transfer and Synchronisation Between Devices
LU3 Hardware
1. The Motherboard Components
2. Secondary Storage
3. Input Devices
4. Output Devices
5. Ports
LU4 System Software
1. Parts of System Software
2. Software Distribution and Licensing Models
3. Structuring Data in Secondary Storage
4. System Management
5. Security Features
1
,Zeyn Mahomed Grade 10 2020
LU5 Computer Networks
1. Networks, Nodes and Communication Media
2. Bounded Media
3. Unbounded Media
4. Network Classification
5. The Home Network and Network Access Control
(NAC)
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer
Networks
LU6 Boolean Logic
1. Introduction
2. Boolean Logical Statements
LU7 Internet and WWW
1. The Internet and its services
2. IP Addresses
3. What is Needed to Connect to the Internet
4. The World Wide Web (WWW)
5. Searching the Web
6. User Interface Design
LU8 Social and Ethical Issues
1. Economic Reasons for Using Computers
2. Digital Divide
3. Ergonomics
4. Green Computing
2
, Zeyn Mahomed Grade 10 2020
LU1 - Data Representation and Storage
1. Decimal, Binary and Hexadecimal Number Systems
Decimal (Base-10) Binary (Base-2) Hexadecimal (Base-16)
Binary Decimal Decimal
● Continuously divide by 2 ● Order the binary number in ● Order the hex number in
● Write down the remainder columns with increasing columns with increasing
● Repeat until the quotient is 0 powers of 2 powers of 16
● Read the remainders from ● Going from right to left, ● Going from right to left,
bottom to top starting at 0 starting at 0
● Multiply the bit by the ● Multiply the integer value
Base 140 Remainder
power of 2 in its column by the power of 16 in its
2 70 0 column
2 35 0 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 161 160
2 17 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
8 C
2 8 1
2 x 1 = 128 +
7
2 x0=0 6
8 x 161 12 x 160
2 4 0 25 x 0 = 0 + 24 x 0 = 0
2 x1=8
3
+ 22 x 1 = 4
128 12
2 2 0
2 x0=0
1
+ 20 x 0 = 0
1000 11002 = 14010
2 1 0 128 + 12 = 140
2 0 1
8C16 = 14010
14010 = 1000 11002
Hexadecimal Hexadecimal Binary
● Continuously divide by 16 ● Number of bits must be a ● First convert to decimal as
● Write down the remainder multiple of 4 shown above
● Repeat until the quotient is 0 ● Leading zeros must be ● Then use the decimal
● Read the remainders from added method to convert to
bottom to top ● Split the binary number into binary
groups of 4 bits
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
● Multiply each bit by the
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 multiple of 2
● Match the Hex value
10 11 12 13 14
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
A B C D E
x x x x x x x x
23 22 21 20 23 22 21 20
8C16 = 1000 11002
Base 140 Remainder
8 0 0 0 8 4 0 0
16 8 12
8=8 12 = c
16 0 8
161 162
8=8 12 = C 8=8
8 C
14010 = 8C16
1000 11002 = 8C16
3
Complete Notes
IT Theory - Grade 10
LU1 Data Representation and Storage
1. Decimal, Binary and Hexadecimal Number Systems
2. Number of Combinations for Number of Bits
3. Data Storage
4. Digital Representation of Numbers
5. Digital Character Representation
6. Storing Screen Data
LU2 Overview of a Computer
1. Hardware and Software
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
3. Data and Information
4. Computer System Types
5. Operating Systems
6. Application Software
7. Data Transfer and Synchronisation Between Devices
LU3 Hardware
1. The Motherboard Components
2. Secondary Storage
3. Input Devices
4. Output Devices
5. Ports
LU4 System Software
1. Parts of System Software
2. Software Distribution and Licensing Models
3. Structuring Data in Secondary Storage
4. System Management
5. Security Features
1
,Zeyn Mahomed Grade 10 2020
LU5 Computer Networks
1. Networks, Nodes and Communication Media
2. Bounded Media
3. Unbounded Media
4. Network Classification
5. The Home Network and Network Access Control
(NAC)
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer
Networks
LU6 Boolean Logic
1. Introduction
2. Boolean Logical Statements
LU7 Internet and WWW
1. The Internet and its services
2. IP Addresses
3. What is Needed to Connect to the Internet
4. The World Wide Web (WWW)
5. Searching the Web
6. User Interface Design
LU8 Social and Ethical Issues
1. Economic Reasons for Using Computers
2. Digital Divide
3. Ergonomics
4. Green Computing
2
, Zeyn Mahomed Grade 10 2020
LU1 - Data Representation and Storage
1. Decimal, Binary and Hexadecimal Number Systems
Decimal (Base-10) Binary (Base-2) Hexadecimal (Base-16)
Binary Decimal Decimal
● Continuously divide by 2 ● Order the binary number in ● Order the hex number in
● Write down the remainder columns with increasing columns with increasing
● Repeat until the quotient is 0 powers of 2 powers of 16
● Read the remainders from ● Going from right to left, ● Going from right to left,
bottom to top starting at 0 starting at 0
● Multiply the bit by the ● Multiply the integer value
Base 140 Remainder
power of 2 in its column by the power of 16 in its
2 70 0 column
2 35 0 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 161 160
2 17 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
8 C
2 8 1
2 x 1 = 128 +
7
2 x0=0 6
8 x 161 12 x 160
2 4 0 25 x 0 = 0 + 24 x 0 = 0
2 x1=8
3
+ 22 x 1 = 4
128 12
2 2 0
2 x0=0
1
+ 20 x 0 = 0
1000 11002 = 14010
2 1 0 128 + 12 = 140
2 0 1
8C16 = 14010
14010 = 1000 11002
Hexadecimal Hexadecimal Binary
● Continuously divide by 16 ● Number of bits must be a ● First convert to decimal as
● Write down the remainder multiple of 4 shown above
● Repeat until the quotient is 0 ● Leading zeros must be ● Then use the decimal
● Read the remainders from added method to convert to
bottom to top ● Split the binary number into binary
groups of 4 bits
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
● Multiply each bit by the
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 multiple of 2
● Match the Hex value
10 11 12 13 14
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
A B C D E
x x x x x x x x
23 22 21 20 23 22 21 20
8C16 = 1000 11002
Base 140 Remainder
8 0 0 0 8 4 0 0
16 8 12
8=8 12 = c
16 0 8
161 162
8=8 12 = C 8=8
8 C
14010 = 8C16
1000 11002 = 8C16
3
