APUSH REVIEW WITH VERIFIED
A+ GRADED QUESTIONS (2026)
Great Columbian / Biological Exchange - answer-Exchange of plants and animals
between the New World and Europe following the discovery of America in 1492.
Christopher Columbus - answer-Italian explorer, sailed from Spain in 1492 and reached
Americas, greatly increased European awareness of the North American Continent
Bartolomeo de las Casas - answer-16th Century Spanish Historian, Dominican Friar,
"Protector of the Indians;" opposed atrocities by colonizers on Indigenous people
Spanish empire - answer-Empire control in Mexico, South America, and Florida,
religious empire; Franciscans + mission system, defensive buffers vs. English, French,
and Russians. Economic empire.
French empire - answer-Empire control in Canada, Ohio, and Mississippi River Valley
with Louisiana. Religious: Jesuits. Positive indigenous relations. Fur trade. Coureurs du
bois.
English/British Empire - answer-Exhibited control in the form of dominions, colonies,
mandates, and territories. Queen Elizabeth I was a prominent ruler during the colonial
period of this empire. French Rivalry + engaged in Columbian Exchange.
Jamestown - answer-First permanent English settlement; located in Virginia. Founded
by London Company
Mayflower Compact - answer-Pilgrims/Separatists agreement: agreement to obey laws
created by the community and a profession of allegiance to the king
Chesapeake colonies - answer-Term for the colonies of Maryland and Virginia
,Virginia colony - answer-This colony was founded in 1607. First settlement was
Jamestown. Charter to stock company/royal. Tobacco was vital to its survival.
1619 - answer-The year when the first U.S representative assembly was established -
House of Burgesses (Jamestown, Virginia)
Bacon's rebellion - answer-Colonial uprising that took place in 1676 in the Virginia
colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. Virginians resented William Berkeley's friendly policy
towards Native Americans. This was the first rebellion in American colonies in which
discontented frontiersmen took part.
Maryland colony - answer-Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, founded to be a place for
persecuted Catholics to find refuge, a safe haven, act of toleration
Toleration Act - answer-Guaranteed religious toleration to trinitarian Christians, but
decreed the death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn't believe in the
divinity of Jesus Christ,
New England colonies - answer-The term for the colonies of Massachusetts bay, Rhode
Island, and New Hampshire
Massachusetts Bay Colony - answer-Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of
the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a
hill"
John Winthrop - answer-Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City
upon a hill"
"City upon a hill" - answer-Said by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan colonists
emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy
community: a model society to the world/moral commonwealth
,Anne Hutchinson - answer-Woman who challenged Purtian religous authorities in
Massachusetts Bay. Puritan authorities banished her because she challenged religious
doctrine, gender roles. clerical authority, and claimed to have had revelations from God
King Philip's war - answer-1675. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and
natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain)
resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English
joined with Mohawks to defeat them
Salem Witch Trials - answer-1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a
Massachussetts Bay puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and
stress. Spectral evidence was used frequently.
Rhode Island Colony - answer-Self-governing colony founded by Roger Williams in 1636;
granted freedom for all religions and non-believers; religious toleration;
disestablishment, universal suffrage for white males w/property qualifications; most
democratic
Disestablishment - answer-Separation of church and state; no religion is officially
supported by the state/government; opposed tax-supported church
Connecticut colony - answer-Colony founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636; self-
governing; origin of Fundamental Orders
Fundamental Orders - answer-The first constitution written in North America; granted
ALL adult males to vote not just church going land owners as was the policy in
Massachutes
New Amsterdam - answer-Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New
Netherland. This later became "New York City"
, Restoration colonies - answer-Colonies created as a result from the land grants in North
America given by King Charles II of England The two major restoration colonies were
Pennsylvania and Carolina.
New York colony - answer-Colony founded by Dutch in 1624. Very diverse and wealthy
colony. Contained the Hudson river
Pennsylvania colony - answer-Colony formed from the "Holy Experiment"; settled by
Quakers. Founded by William Penn, who bought land from the Native Americans.
Allowed religious freedom
William Penn - answer-An English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving
a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy
experiment" based on religious tolerance.
Georgia colony - answer-Colony founded by James Oglethorpe. Its first settlers were
debtors and unfortunates( "worthy poor"). Tolerant to Christians but not Catholics.
Acted as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas.
James Oglethorpe - answer-Founded Georgia; a member of parliament; philanthropist;
social reformer (helping those in debtors' prisons)
Mercantilism - answer-Economic philosophy of 17th and 18th century European
nations; sought to increase wealth and power through acquisition of gold and silver and
establishing a favorable balance of trade. Colonies served interest of mother country
through importation of its raw materials -> Exportation > importation
Triangular trade - answer-Trading System between Europe, Africa, and the colonies;
European purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to colonies, new materials from
colonies went to Europe while European finished products were sold in the colonies.
A+ GRADED QUESTIONS (2026)
Great Columbian / Biological Exchange - answer-Exchange of plants and animals
between the New World and Europe following the discovery of America in 1492.
Christopher Columbus - answer-Italian explorer, sailed from Spain in 1492 and reached
Americas, greatly increased European awareness of the North American Continent
Bartolomeo de las Casas - answer-16th Century Spanish Historian, Dominican Friar,
"Protector of the Indians;" opposed atrocities by colonizers on Indigenous people
Spanish empire - answer-Empire control in Mexico, South America, and Florida,
religious empire; Franciscans + mission system, defensive buffers vs. English, French,
and Russians. Economic empire.
French empire - answer-Empire control in Canada, Ohio, and Mississippi River Valley
with Louisiana. Religious: Jesuits. Positive indigenous relations. Fur trade. Coureurs du
bois.
English/British Empire - answer-Exhibited control in the form of dominions, colonies,
mandates, and territories. Queen Elizabeth I was a prominent ruler during the colonial
period of this empire. French Rivalry + engaged in Columbian Exchange.
Jamestown - answer-First permanent English settlement; located in Virginia. Founded
by London Company
Mayflower Compact - answer-Pilgrims/Separatists agreement: agreement to obey laws
created by the community and a profession of allegiance to the king
Chesapeake colonies - answer-Term for the colonies of Maryland and Virginia
,Virginia colony - answer-This colony was founded in 1607. First settlement was
Jamestown. Charter to stock company/royal. Tobacco was vital to its survival.
1619 - answer-The year when the first U.S representative assembly was established -
House of Burgesses (Jamestown, Virginia)
Bacon's rebellion - answer-Colonial uprising that took place in 1676 in the Virginia
colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. Virginians resented William Berkeley's friendly policy
towards Native Americans. This was the first rebellion in American colonies in which
discontented frontiersmen took part.
Maryland colony - answer-Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, founded to be a place for
persecuted Catholics to find refuge, a safe haven, act of toleration
Toleration Act - answer-Guaranteed religious toleration to trinitarian Christians, but
decreed the death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn't believe in the
divinity of Jesus Christ,
New England colonies - answer-The term for the colonies of Massachusetts bay, Rhode
Island, and New Hampshire
Massachusetts Bay Colony - answer-Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of
the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a
hill"
John Winthrop - answer-Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City
upon a hill"
"City upon a hill" - answer-Said by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan colonists
emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy
community: a model society to the world/moral commonwealth
,Anne Hutchinson - answer-Woman who challenged Purtian religous authorities in
Massachusetts Bay. Puritan authorities banished her because she challenged religious
doctrine, gender roles. clerical authority, and claimed to have had revelations from God
King Philip's war - answer-1675. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and
natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain)
resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English
joined with Mohawks to defeat them
Salem Witch Trials - answer-1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a
Massachussetts Bay puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and
stress. Spectral evidence was used frequently.
Rhode Island Colony - answer-Self-governing colony founded by Roger Williams in 1636;
granted freedom for all religions and non-believers; religious toleration;
disestablishment, universal suffrage for white males w/property qualifications; most
democratic
Disestablishment - answer-Separation of church and state; no religion is officially
supported by the state/government; opposed tax-supported church
Connecticut colony - answer-Colony founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636; self-
governing; origin of Fundamental Orders
Fundamental Orders - answer-The first constitution written in North America; granted
ALL adult males to vote not just church going land owners as was the policy in
Massachutes
New Amsterdam - answer-Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New
Netherland. This later became "New York City"
, Restoration colonies - answer-Colonies created as a result from the land grants in North
America given by King Charles II of England The two major restoration colonies were
Pennsylvania and Carolina.
New York colony - answer-Colony founded by Dutch in 1624. Very diverse and wealthy
colony. Contained the Hudson river
Pennsylvania colony - answer-Colony formed from the "Holy Experiment"; settled by
Quakers. Founded by William Penn, who bought land from the Native Americans.
Allowed religious freedom
William Penn - answer-An English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving
a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy
experiment" based on religious tolerance.
Georgia colony - answer-Colony founded by James Oglethorpe. Its first settlers were
debtors and unfortunates( "worthy poor"). Tolerant to Christians but not Catholics.
Acted as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas.
James Oglethorpe - answer-Founded Georgia; a member of parliament; philanthropist;
social reformer (helping those in debtors' prisons)
Mercantilism - answer-Economic philosophy of 17th and 18th century European
nations; sought to increase wealth and power through acquisition of gold and silver and
establishing a favorable balance of trade. Colonies served interest of mother country
through importation of its raw materials -> Exportation > importation
Triangular trade - answer-Trading System between Europe, Africa, and the colonies;
European purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to colonies, new materials from
colonies went to Europe while European finished products were sold in the colonies.
