Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions with Expert Graded A+ Answers

Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions with Expert Graded A+ Answers 1. function of mitochondria - ANSWER ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell 2. Rough ER - ANSWER That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. 3. Smooth ER - ANSWER That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. 4. Homeostasis - ANSWER A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level 5. Hypertrophy - ANSWER increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development 6. Effect of hypertonic solution - ANSWER cell shrinks and can die 7. effect of a hypotonic solution - ANSWER cell swells and can burst 8. active immunity - ANSWER A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens. 9. passive immunity - ANSWER An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk 10. Examples of active immunity - ANSWER natural infection, vaccines, 11. Examples of passive immunity - ANSWER IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody 12. acquired immunity - ANSWER Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific. 13. examples of acquired immunity - ANSWER 1) having the infection 2) vaccination 14. innate immunity - ANSWER Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens. 15. Examples of innate immunity - ANSWER skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive enzymes, stomach acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation 16. 5 P's of compartment syndrome - ANSWER pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia 17. Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANSWER severe pain or burning sensation decreased strength in the extremity paralysis of the extremity pain with movement extremity feeling hard to palpation distal pulses, motor and sensory function possibly normal emergency care focuses on treating any life threatening injuries first: immobilize and splint the affected extremity and apply a cold pack or ice it is extremely important to transport the patient since he may lose the limb if compartment syndrome is not treated quickly and effectively 18. Osteoarthritis - ANSWER inflammation of the bones and joints 19. Causes of osteoarthritis - ANSWER -Heredity -Obesity -Injury -Joint overuse 20. atrophy - ANSWER the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; to waste away 21. Ischemia - ANSWER an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles. 22. S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values) 23. S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain) 24. Epinephrine - ANSWER Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline. 25. Renin - ANSWER hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) 26. What causes edema? - ANSWER -reduced concentration of plasma proteins -increased permeability of capillary wall -increased venous pressure -blockage of lymph vessels 27. Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hypertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase 28. Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness 29. S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER - muscle twitches/tetany - hyperactive DTRs - positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching) - positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation) - seizures 30. Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane 31. Diffusion - ANSWER Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.