Psych 357 Exam 2 || Questions and Correct Detailed Answers.
Piaget: Conversation, Seriation & Transitive Inference correct answers Conservation: The
understanding that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their
outward appearance changes.
At snack time, Priti and Sammy had identical boxes of raisins, but when Priti spread her raisins
out on the table, Sammy was convinced that she had more.
Seriation: The ability to order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight.
To test for seriation, Piaget asked children to arrange sticks of different lengths from shortest to
longest.
Transitive Inference: The ability to seriate, or order items along a quantitative dimension,
MENTALLY.
Piaget showed children pairings of sticks in different colors. From observing that stick A is
longer than stick B and stick B is longer than stick C, children must infer that A is longer than C.
ADHD correct answers ADHD: inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity resulting in
academic and social problems. Often they ignore social rules and lash out with hostility when
frustrated (not all are hyperactive though).
For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD the symptoms must appear before age 12 as a persistent
problem.
,Boys are diagnosed two or three times as often as girls. However, many girls with ADHD seem
to be overlooked, either because their symptoms are less flagrant or because of a gender bias.
Due to difficulty concentrating, children with ADHD score lower in IQ, have difficulties with
planning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving in academic and social situations.
ADHD runs in families and is highly heritable; it can also be related to environmental factors
(i.e., prenatal teratogens, parents with psychological disorders, high familial stress levels, etc.)
The impact of culture and schooling on kids' abilities to pass Piagetian tasks correct answers The
experience of going to school promotes Piagetian tasks.
When children of the same age are tested, those who have been in school longer do better on
transitive inference problem
informal non school experiences can also foster operational thought.
Some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks are heavily
influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions.
Changes in abilities to pay attention correct answers School-age children become better at
deliberately attending to relevant aspects of a task and inhibiting irrelevant responses.
One way researchers study this increasing selectivity of attention is by introducing irrelevant
stimuli into a task and seeing how well children attend to its central elements.
Performance improves sharply between ages 6 and 10.
Selectivity and flexibility of attention become better controlled and more efficient. These skills
contribute to more organized, strategic approaches to challenging tasks.
, Memory strategies of middle childhood correct answers The more memory strategies a child
utilizes simultaneously, the better their memory will be.
Rehearsal: repeating the information to oneself.
Organization: grouping related items together - an approach that greatly improves recall.
EX: all state capitals in the same part of the country
Elaboration: creating a relationship, or shared meaning, between two or more pieces of
information that do not belong to the same category.
This highly effective memory technique requires considerable effort and space in working
memory.
EX: To learn the words fish and pipe, you might generate the verbal statement or mental image
"The FISH is smoking a PIPE".
Cognitive Self-Regulation correct answers Cognitive Self-Regulation: the process of
continuously monitoring progress toward a goal, checking outcomes, and redirecting
unsuccessful efforts.
EX: Lizzie knows that she should group items when memorizing and reread a complicated
paragraph to make sure she understands. But she does not always engage in these activities.
School age children frequently have difficulty putting what they know about thinking into action.
They are not yet good at cognitive self-regulation.
Piaget: Conversation, Seriation & Transitive Inference correct answers Conservation: The
understanding that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their
outward appearance changes.
At snack time, Priti and Sammy had identical boxes of raisins, but when Priti spread her raisins
out on the table, Sammy was convinced that she had more.
Seriation: The ability to order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight.
To test for seriation, Piaget asked children to arrange sticks of different lengths from shortest to
longest.
Transitive Inference: The ability to seriate, or order items along a quantitative dimension,
MENTALLY.
Piaget showed children pairings of sticks in different colors. From observing that stick A is
longer than stick B and stick B is longer than stick C, children must infer that A is longer than C.
ADHD correct answers ADHD: inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity resulting in
academic and social problems. Often they ignore social rules and lash out with hostility when
frustrated (not all are hyperactive though).
For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD the symptoms must appear before age 12 as a persistent
problem.
,Boys are diagnosed two or three times as often as girls. However, many girls with ADHD seem
to be overlooked, either because their symptoms are less flagrant or because of a gender bias.
Due to difficulty concentrating, children with ADHD score lower in IQ, have difficulties with
planning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving in academic and social situations.
ADHD runs in families and is highly heritable; it can also be related to environmental factors
(i.e., prenatal teratogens, parents with psychological disorders, high familial stress levels, etc.)
The impact of culture and schooling on kids' abilities to pass Piagetian tasks correct answers The
experience of going to school promotes Piagetian tasks.
When children of the same age are tested, those who have been in school longer do better on
transitive inference problem
informal non school experiences can also foster operational thought.
Some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks are heavily
influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions.
Changes in abilities to pay attention correct answers School-age children become better at
deliberately attending to relevant aspects of a task and inhibiting irrelevant responses.
One way researchers study this increasing selectivity of attention is by introducing irrelevant
stimuli into a task and seeing how well children attend to its central elements.
Performance improves sharply between ages 6 and 10.
Selectivity and flexibility of attention become better controlled and more efficient. These skills
contribute to more organized, strategic approaches to challenging tasks.
, Memory strategies of middle childhood correct answers The more memory strategies a child
utilizes simultaneously, the better their memory will be.
Rehearsal: repeating the information to oneself.
Organization: grouping related items together - an approach that greatly improves recall.
EX: all state capitals in the same part of the country
Elaboration: creating a relationship, or shared meaning, between two or more pieces of
information that do not belong to the same category.
This highly effective memory technique requires considerable effort and space in working
memory.
EX: To learn the words fish and pipe, you might generate the verbal statement or mental image
"The FISH is smoking a PIPE".
Cognitive Self-Regulation correct answers Cognitive Self-Regulation: the process of
continuously monitoring progress toward a goal, checking outcomes, and redirecting
unsuccessful efforts.
EX: Lizzie knows that she should group items when memorizing and reread a complicated
paragraph to make sure she understands. But she does not always engage in these activities.
School age children frequently have difficulty putting what they know about thinking into action.
They are not yet good at cognitive self-regulation.
