ACVREP O&M Exam Study || Graded A+.
Affordance correct answers To gauge the difficulty of an environment by its features— is a hill
too steep, gravel too rough to cross the area
Environmental flow correct answers Perception while moving through an area
sensory substitution correct answers A process by which information from a damaged sensory
channel is replaced by information entering via other sensory channels.
perceptual learning correct answers learning to recognize a particular stimulus.
Unskilled perceptual learning correct answers Must concentrate to focus, notice both relevant
and irrelevant, near features only
Skilled perceptual learning correct answers Becomes more automatic, can multitask, focus on
relevant features, able to focus on distant features
motor learning correct answers Acquisition of patterns of motor control, through practice and
experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled
movements.
Perceptual-motor coordination correct answers Coordinating motor actions with perceptions of
thing in the environment —ascending stairs
procedural knowledge correct answers Knowledge of how to do something, such as riding a bike,
finding a curb
Episodic knowledge correct answers memory for places or events, episodes of experience
,Conceptual/Semantic Knowledge correct answers Knowledge of patterns. Provides the ability to
deal with new situations without starting from scratch—street-curb-grass-sidewalk-grass
relationships, house/office numbering patterns, etc
Inter-sensory integration correct answers Dominance model, equal-weighting model,
probabilistic model
Perceptual Errors correct answers Localization error & detection error
Localization errors correct answers Inability to locate something relative to oneself
Main Processes for crossing a street correct answers Alignment, initiating crossing, maintaining a
straight heading
path integration correct answers Using information about self-movement & things encountered
on the way to keep to your route
Real & imagined spatial frameworks correct answers Mental mapping
Allocentric frame of reference correct answers Relating the location of objects/places to one
another
topocentric information correct answers Information about the locations of landmarks/features
Polarcentric information correct answers Using cardinal directions
Cartographic information correct answers Locations of places/features as they relate to a pattern
such as a grid, numbering, labelling, etc
, landmark correct answers A feature in the environment that is permanent —can be a sound,
smell, tactile or visual
Primary Landmark correct answers Always present in the environment and would be difficult to
miss as one travels along a path.
secondary landmark correct answers This landmark is always present, but could be missed
Information points/cues correct answers A feature that is not unique, but could be used in
combination with other cues/landmarks to confirm position
1940s correct answers Formal instruction in long cane began
1960s correct answers O&M began considering techniques specifically suited for low vision.
From the 40s to 60s, techniques for the fully-blinded were sued with people who had low vision.
1971 correct answers First low vision O&M conference, held in San Fran.
1972 correct answers First low vision course for O&M at Western Michigan University.
4 Functional Low Vision Mobility Problems correct answers Managing light, detecting changes
in terrain/elevation, unwanted contact with obstacles, negotiating street crossings
Differences between restricted field & acuity correct answers Reduced field = more trouble with
lighting, miss detail/activity in periphery
Reduced acuity = lack of detail,
4 Types of Magnification correct answers Size magnification, distance magnification, angular
magnification (lenses), electro-optic magnification
Affordance correct answers To gauge the difficulty of an environment by its features— is a hill
too steep, gravel too rough to cross the area
Environmental flow correct answers Perception while moving through an area
sensory substitution correct answers A process by which information from a damaged sensory
channel is replaced by information entering via other sensory channels.
perceptual learning correct answers learning to recognize a particular stimulus.
Unskilled perceptual learning correct answers Must concentrate to focus, notice both relevant
and irrelevant, near features only
Skilled perceptual learning correct answers Becomes more automatic, can multitask, focus on
relevant features, able to focus on distant features
motor learning correct answers Acquisition of patterns of motor control, through practice and
experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled
movements.
Perceptual-motor coordination correct answers Coordinating motor actions with perceptions of
thing in the environment —ascending stairs
procedural knowledge correct answers Knowledge of how to do something, such as riding a bike,
finding a curb
Episodic knowledge correct answers memory for places or events, episodes of experience
,Conceptual/Semantic Knowledge correct answers Knowledge of patterns. Provides the ability to
deal with new situations without starting from scratch—street-curb-grass-sidewalk-grass
relationships, house/office numbering patterns, etc
Inter-sensory integration correct answers Dominance model, equal-weighting model,
probabilistic model
Perceptual Errors correct answers Localization error & detection error
Localization errors correct answers Inability to locate something relative to oneself
Main Processes for crossing a street correct answers Alignment, initiating crossing, maintaining a
straight heading
path integration correct answers Using information about self-movement & things encountered
on the way to keep to your route
Real & imagined spatial frameworks correct answers Mental mapping
Allocentric frame of reference correct answers Relating the location of objects/places to one
another
topocentric information correct answers Information about the locations of landmarks/features
Polarcentric information correct answers Using cardinal directions
Cartographic information correct answers Locations of places/features as they relate to a pattern
such as a grid, numbering, labelling, etc
, landmark correct answers A feature in the environment that is permanent —can be a sound,
smell, tactile or visual
Primary Landmark correct answers Always present in the environment and would be difficult to
miss as one travels along a path.
secondary landmark correct answers This landmark is always present, but could be missed
Information points/cues correct answers A feature that is not unique, but could be used in
combination with other cues/landmarks to confirm position
1940s correct answers Formal instruction in long cane began
1960s correct answers O&M began considering techniques specifically suited for low vision.
From the 40s to 60s, techniques for the fully-blinded were sued with people who had low vision.
1971 correct answers First low vision O&M conference, held in San Fran.
1972 correct answers First low vision course for O&M at Western Michigan University.
4 Functional Low Vision Mobility Problems correct answers Managing light, detecting changes
in terrain/elevation, unwanted contact with obstacles, negotiating street crossings
Differences between restricted field & acuity correct answers Reduced field = more trouble with
lighting, miss detail/activity in periphery
Reduced acuity = lack of detail,
4 Types of Magnification correct answers Size magnification, distance magnification, angular
magnification (lenses), electro-optic magnification
