Inhoudsopgave
LES 1 INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES.................................................................................................. 4
SETTING THE SCENE AND IDENTIFYING THE OPTIONS .................................................................................... 4
KEY DECISIONS TO BE MADE .......................................................................................................................... 4
MOTIEVEN OM NAAR BUITENLAND TE GAAN .............................................................................................. 5
3 MOTIEVEN OM INTERNATIONAAL TE GROEIEN: .............................................................................................. 5
WELKE CRITERIA ZOU JE IN OVERWEGING NEMEN OM EEN KEUZE TE MAKEN TUSSEN LAND A EN LAND B? ................ 5
WHY GO ABROAD? .............................................................................................................................. 7
OVERCOMING THE LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS ............................................................................................ 7
WHY GO ABROAD? .............................................................................................................................. 9
UNDERSTANDING THE PROPENSITY TO INTERNATIONALIZE ............................................................................ 9
SELECTIE VAN INTERNATIONALE MARKTEN ............................................................................................... 12
SEQUENTIELE BENADERING ......................................................................................................................... 12
FACTOREN VOOR MARKTSELECTIE EN INTREDE .......................................................................................... 13
CASE JOHN DEERE.............................................................................................................................. 16
LES 3.............................................................................................................................................. 20
3 FACTOREN DIE EEN ROL SPELEN BIJ EEN BUITENLANDSE MARKTINTREDE ....................................................... 20
.............................................................................................................................................................. 20
INDUSTRY-BASED CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................................. 21
RESOURCE-BASED CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................................ 23
INSTITUTION-BASED CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................................... 24
CULTUURVERSCHILLEN ........................................................................................................................ 25
WHERE TO ENTER?............................................................................................................................. 25
TWO SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT HAVE EMERGED................................................................................................. 25
VIA WELKE STRATEGIE GAAN WE TOETREDEN? .......................................................................................... 26
WHEN TO ENTER? ..................................................................................................................................... 26
WATERFALL STRATEGIE ....................................................................................................................... 28
SPRINKLER STRATEGIE ......................................................................................................................... 28
LES 4.............................................................................................................................................. 29
INTERNATIONALISERING ISSUES ............................................................................................................. 29
RISICO EN RENDEMENT .............................................................................................................................. 31
CONTROLE ............................................................................................................................................... 31
EXPORTING ...................................................................................................................................... 31
INDIRECT EXPORT ...................................................................................................................................... 31
DIRECTE EXPORT ....................................................................................................................................... 31
VOORDELEN - EXPORT ........................................................................................................................ 32
NADELEN - EXPORT ............................................................................................................................ 32
LICENSING ........................................................................................................................................ 33
VOORDELEN - LICENSING ..................................................................................................................... 33
NADELEN - LICENSING ......................................................................................................................... 34
JOINT VENTURES ............................................................................................................................... 35
1
,VOORDELEN - JOINT VENTURES ............................................................................................................ 35
NADELEN – JOINT VENTURES ............................................................................................................... 36
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT .............................................................................................................. 37
VOORDELEN – FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ........................................................................................... 37
NADELEN – FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT............................................................................................... 38
INTERNATIONAL MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ........................................................................................ 39
VRIENDELIJKE OVERNAME .......................................................................................................................... 39
VOORDELEN - MERGERS & ACQUISTITIONS ............................................................................................. 39
NADELEN - MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS .................................................................................................. 40
THE CHOICE OF ENTRY MODES: HIERARCHICAL MODEL .............................................................................. 41
ENTRY DEBATE: HIGH CONTROL VS. LOW CONTROL................................................................................... 42
LICENSING ..................................................................................................................................... 43
BELANGRIJKSTE VORMEN VAN BETALING - LICENSING................................................................................. 43
DE 3 MEEST BELANGRIJKE, EN MEEST VOORKOMENDE ZIJN: ......................................................................... 45
BELANGRIJKSTE KOSTEN – LICENSING ..................................................................................................... 46
FACTOREN DIE IN REKENING WORDEN GENOMEN BIJ HET OPSTELLEN VAN EEN LICENTIEOVEREENKOMST ................ 47
MULTINATIONALS ......................................................................................................................... 50
DEFINITIE ......................................................................................................................................... 50
EVOLUTIE VAN MULTINATIONALS .......................................................................................................... 50
PRE-WO2 ............................................................................................................................................... 50
AFTER-WO2 ............................................................................................................................................ 50
ANNO 1970-1980 ................................................................................................................................... 51
ANNO 1990-2000 ................................................................................................................................... 51
OLI MODEL (EXAMEN) ..................................................................................................................... 52
HOE KAN JE DAT NADEEL COMPENSEREN? ..................................................................................................... 52
STOPFORD-WELLS STRUCTURAL STAGES MODEL ....................................................................................... 54
DIMENSIES ............................................................................................................................................... 54
DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERNATIONALISATION .......................................................................................... 58
INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................... 59
CULTUUR ......................................................................................................................................... 59
WAT IS CULTUUR?..................................................................................................................................... 59
WAAROM IS CULTUUR RELEVANT? ............................................................................................................... 59
KENMERKEN VAN CULTUUR ........................................................................................................................ 59
PRIORITEITEN VAN VERSCHILLENDE CULTUREN .......................................................................................... 60
...................................................................................................................................................... 60
A MODEL OF CULTURE......................................................................................................................... 60
PRINCIPLES FOR STUDYING OTHER CULTURES............................................................................................ 61
...................................................................................................................................................... 61
ETHNOCENTRISME ............................................................................................................................. 61
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 62
GEERT HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS .................................................................................................. 62
FONS TROMPENAARS’ CULTURAL DIMENSIONS .............................................................................................. 63
2
, GLOBAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCES & JOINT VENTURES ....................................................................... 66
DE TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE (PLC, TLC). ...................................................................................................... 66
JOINT VENTURE ................................................................................................................................. 67
BIJVOORBEELD: KANAALTUNNEL LE SHUTTLE ................................................................................................ 67
MOTIVATION FOR STRATEGIC ALLIANCES ................................................................................................. 67
LEARNING ................................................................................................................................................ 67
VOORBEELD BEKAERT & BRIDGESTONE .................................................................................................. 68
SOORTEN ALLIANCIES ......................................................................................................................... 68
EQUITY STRATEGIC ALLIANCES .................................................................................................................... 68
NON-EQUITY STRATEGIC ALLIANCES............................................................................................................. 68
GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESSFUL S.A.S ....................................................................................................... 69
MOST ALLIANCES TERMINATE IN ACQUISITION BY ONE PARTNER ................................................................. 70
JOINT-VENTURE: DEFINITION AND INTEREST ............................................................................................ 71
MOTIEVEN VOOR JOINT VENTURES ........................................................................................................ 71
HOE GA JE EEN PARTNER KIEZEN VOOR EEN JOINT VENTURE?....................................................................... 71
THE END OF THE JOINT-VENTURE .......................................................................................................... 72
EXAMENTOELICHTING INTERNATIONALE MARKETING – WIM BUEKENS ........................................ 73
3
LES 1 INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES.................................................................................................. 4
SETTING THE SCENE AND IDENTIFYING THE OPTIONS .................................................................................... 4
KEY DECISIONS TO BE MADE .......................................................................................................................... 4
MOTIEVEN OM NAAR BUITENLAND TE GAAN .............................................................................................. 5
3 MOTIEVEN OM INTERNATIONAAL TE GROEIEN: .............................................................................................. 5
WELKE CRITERIA ZOU JE IN OVERWEGING NEMEN OM EEN KEUZE TE MAKEN TUSSEN LAND A EN LAND B? ................ 5
WHY GO ABROAD? .............................................................................................................................. 7
OVERCOMING THE LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS ............................................................................................ 7
WHY GO ABROAD? .............................................................................................................................. 9
UNDERSTANDING THE PROPENSITY TO INTERNATIONALIZE ............................................................................ 9
SELECTIE VAN INTERNATIONALE MARKTEN ............................................................................................... 12
SEQUENTIELE BENADERING ......................................................................................................................... 12
FACTOREN VOOR MARKTSELECTIE EN INTREDE .......................................................................................... 13
CASE JOHN DEERE.............................................................................................................................. 16
LES 3.............................................................................................................................................. 20
3 FACTOREN DIE EEN ROL SPELEN BIJ EEN BUITENLANDSE MARKTINTREDE ....................................................... 20
.............................................................................................................................................................. 20
INDUSTRY-BASED CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................................. 21
RESOURCE-BASED CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................................ 23
INSTITUTION-BASED CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................................... 24
CULTUURVERSCHILLEN ........................................................................................................................ 25
WHERE TO ENTER?............................................................................................................................. 25
TWO SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT HAVE EMERGED................................................................................................. 25
VIA WELKE STRATEGIE GAAN WE TOETREDEN? .......................................................................................... 26
WHEN TO ENTER? ..................................................................................................................................... 26
WATERFALL STRATEGIE ....................................................................................................................... 28
SPRINKLER STRATEGIE ......................................................................................................................... 28
LES 4.............................................................................................................................................. 29
INTERNATIONALISERING ISSUES ............................................................................................................. 29
RISICO EN RENDEMENT .............................................................................................................................. 31
CONTROLE ............................................................................................................................................... 31
EXPORTING ...................................................................................................................................... 31
INDIRECT EXPORT ...................................................................................................................................... 31
DIRECTE EXPORT ....................................................................................................................................... 31
VOORDELEN - EXPORT ........................................................................................................................ 32
NADELEN - EXPORT ............................................................................................................................ 32
LICENSING ........................................................................................................................................ 33
VOORDELEN - LICENSING ..................................................................................................................... 33
NADELEN - LICENSING ......................................................................................................................... 34
JOINT VENTURES ............................................................................................................................... 35
1
,VOORDELEN - JOINT VENTURES ............................................................................................................ 35
NADELEN – JOINT VENTURES ............................................................................................................... 36
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT .............................................................................................................. 37
VOORDELEN – FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ........................................................................................... 37
NADELEN – FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT............................................................................................... 38
INTERNATIONAL MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ........................................................................................ 39
VRIENDELIJKE OVERNAME .......................................................................................................................... 39
VOORDELEN - MERGERS & ACQUISTITIONS ............................................................................................. 39
NADELEN - MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS .................................................................................................. 40
THE CHOICE OF ENTRY MODES: HIERARCHICAL MODEL .............................................................................. 41
ENTRY DEBATE: HIGH CONTROL VS. LOW CONTROL................................................................................... 42
LICENSING ..................................................................................................................................... 43
BELANGRIJKSTE VORMEN VAN BETALING - LICENSING................................................................................. 43
DE 3 MEEST BELANGRIJKE, EN MEEST VOORKOMENDE ZIJN: ......................................................................... 45
BELANGRIJKSTE KOSTEN – LICENSING ..................................................................................................... 46
FACTOREN DIE IN REKENING WORDEN GENOMEN BIJ HET OPSTELLEN VAN EEN LICENTIEOVEREENKOMST ................ 47
MULTINATIONALS ......................................................................................................................... 50
DEFINITIE ......................................................................................................................................... 50
EVOLUTIE VAN MULTINATIONALS .......................................................................................................... 50
PRE-WO2 ............................................................................................................................................... 50
AFTER-WO2 ............................................................................................................................................ 50
ANNO 1970-1980 ................................................................................................................................... 51
ANNO 1990-2000 ................................................................................................................................... 51
OLI MODEL (EXAMEN) ..................................................................................................................... 52
HOE KAN JE DAT NADEEL COMPENSEREN? ..................................................................................................... 52
STOPFORD-WELLS STRUCTURAL STAGES MODEL ....................................................................................... 54
DIMENSIES ............................................................................................................................................... 54
DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERNATIONALISATION .......................................................................................... 58
INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................... 59
CULTUUR ......................................................................................................................................... 59
WAT IS CULTUUR?..................................................................................................................................... 59
WAAROM IS CULTUUR RELEVANT? ............................................................................................................... 59
KENMERKEN VAN CULTUUR ........................................................................................................................ 59
PRIORITEITEN VAN VERSCHILLENDE CULTUREN .......................................................................................... 60
...................................................................................................................................................... 60
A MODEL OF CULTURE......................................................................................................................... 60
PRINCIPLES FOR STUDYING OTHER CULTURES............................................................................................ 61
...................................................................................................................................................... 61
ETHNOCENTRISME ............................................................................................................................. 61
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 62
GEERT HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS .................................................................................................. 62
FONS TROMPENAARS’ CULTURAL DIMENSIONS .............................................................................................. 63
2
, GLOBAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCES & JOINT VENTURES ....................................................................... 66
DE TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE (PLC, TLC). ...................................................................................................... 66
JOINT VENTURE ................................................................................................................................. 67
BIJVOORBEELD: KANAALTUNNEL LE SHUTTLE ................................................................................................ 67
MOTIVATION FOR STRATEGIC ALLIANCES ................................................................................................. 67
LEARNING ................................................................................................................................................ 67
VOORBEELD BEKAERT & BRIDGESTONE .................................................................................................. 68
SOORTEN ALLIANCIES ......................................................................................................................... 68
EQUITY STRATEGIC ALLIANCES .................................................................................................................... 68
NON-EQUITY STRATEGIC ALLIANCES............................................................................................................. 68
GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESSFUL S.A.S ....................................................................................................... 69
MOST ALLIANCES TERMINATE IN ACQUISITION BY ONE PARTNER ................................................................. 70
JOINT-VENTURE: DEFINITION AND INTEREST ............................................................................................ 71
MOTIEVEN VOOR JOINT VENTURES ........................................................................................................ 71
HOE GA JE EEN PARTNER KIEZEN VOOR EEN JOINT VENTURE?....................................................................... 71
THE END OF THE JOINT-VENTURE .......................................................................................................... 72
EXAMENTOELICHTING INTERNATIONALE MARKETING – WIM BUEKENS ........................................ 73
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