Samenvatting colleges Management and information systems MIS

Samenvatting Management & Information Systems

Hoofdstuk 1: Managing the Digital World

Information is a Valuable Resource:


Information




Items of value in
Land the knowledge Capital
society




Labor




Rise of the Information Age:
-Information Age
-Industrial Revolution
-Agriculture & Handwork

5 IT Megatrends in the Information Age:
- Mobile
- Social Media
- Big Data
- Cloud Computing
- Consumerization of IT

Key factors enabling globalization:
 Val vd Berlijnse Muur
 Windows operating system
 Internet, release of Netscape Web browser
 Dalende telecommunicatiekosten

Rise of information systems outsourcing:
 Outsourcing = moving of business processes or tasks to another company
o Vergemakkelijkt door dalende telecommunicatie kosten
o Gedreven door kostenreductie
 Dalende loonkosten voor laaggeschoold werkapple manufacturing in China
 Afgenomen loonkosten voor relatief hooggeschoold werkBoeing naar
Rusland

Key reasons for outsourcing:

, - Reduceren of controleren van kosten
- Internationale middelen vrij te maken
- Toegang krijgen tot wereldklasse capaciteiten
- Laten toenemen van omzetpotentieel vd organisatie
- Reduceer tijd om te handelen
- Verhoging vd efficiëntie van een proces
- In staat zijn om te focussen op kern activiteiten
- To source specifieke capaciteiten of vaardigheden

Opportunities of operating in the digital world:
 Dalende transportkosten
 Dalende telecommunicatiekosten
 Bereiken v wereldwijde markten
 Toegang tot wereldwijde arbeidspoolhighly skilled/low cost labor pools bestaan in vele
landen, die nu economisch beschikbaar zijn

Challenges of operating in the digital World:
 Overheid:
o Politieke instabiliteit
o Regelgeving: privacy, controle, standaarden, censuur
 Geopolitiek:
o Tijdzones, infrastructuur
o Personeelsbestand: welvaart, demografisch, expertise
 Cultureel:
o Werken met, service leveren aan

Data: The root & purpose of information systems
data is analyzed & processed into information
when there is an ability to understand the information & make decisions using it, it becomes
knowledge

Components of information systems:
- People
- Telecommunications
- Hardware
- Data
- Software

People: builders, managers & users of information systems:
 An ecosystem of users. builders, managers & those who study information systems
 As the use of information systems grows, so does the need for dedicated IS professionals
 Growing demand focused on those with advanced and/or unique skulls

Organizations: Context of information systems
 Information Systems can help organizations:
o Meer productief & winstgevend te zijn
o Competitief voordeel oplopen
o Meer consumenten te bereiken
o Verbeteren v service tegenover consumenten
 This holds true for all types of organizations, professional, social, religious, educational &
governmental

, Why Information Systems Matter
 A classic article in 2003 pointed out many existing information system elements have
become commoditized—argues focus will turn to pure cost reduction
 However, the continuous innovation still being seen in information systems has some
companies realizing strategic advantage from the innovative uses thereof
 Still, such advantage can be fleeting, and companies using information systems for strategic
advantage need to keep innovating


Computer ethics = Describes moral issues & standards of conduct as they pertain to the use of
information systems”
•Collecting and analyzing user data may have negative impacts:
– Social decay
– Increased consumerism
– Loss of privacy


Richard O. Mason: “PAPA” Ethical ConcernsPrivacy, Accuracy, Property & Accessibility
•Privacy: What information should you have to reveal online or in the workplace?
•Accuracy: Is the data regarding individuals accurate? Can individuals access their data and verify the
accuracy thereof? What are the impacts of inaccuracies?
•Property: Company owns the data/databases they keep on individuals, and can sell the information
as long as it doesn’t violate stated privacy policies when gathering it.
•Accessibility: This circles back to the Digital Divide. Who has acces to information & the skills to
leverage it?


The Need for a Code of Ethical Conduct: Computer Ethics Institute Guidelines
•The guidelines prohibit:
– Using a computer to harm others
– Interfering with other people’s computer work
– Snooping in other people’s files
– Using a computer to steal
– Using a computer to bear false witness
– Copying or using proprietary software without paying for it
– Using other’s resources without authorization or compensation
– Appropriating other people’s intellectual output
•The guidelines recommend:
– Review social consequences of programs and systems you design
– Use computers in ways that show consideration and respect for others

Hoofdstuk 2: Gaining Competitive Advantage through Information Systems

A firm has competitive advantage over rival firms when it can do something better, faster, more
economically, or uniquely

Organizational Decision-Making Levels
 Executive/Strategic Level
o Upper Management
Whataggregate summaries of past organizational data & projections of the future